Complete instructions for processing a greenhouse in the fall. In the new season - without pests and diseases

Processing a greenhouse in the fall is an important process on which the yield in the coming season depends. Some gardeners limit themselves to digging and removing plant debris. As a result, it leads to seedlings being damaged by diseases and pests.

Autumn treatment of the greenhouse includes washing the structure, cleaning and infection control. After harvesting, it is important to prepare the land for spring planting. After reading the article to the end, you will learn in what sequence you need to act, how and with what to destroy insects, water the soil, and spray the walls.

Cleaning plan

The greenhouse is processed in the fall according to the plan:

1. Clear the beds of plant debris.
2. Remove the top layer of soil or disinfect.
3. Inspect and clean the walls and roof. Seal with sealant, replace glass with cracks.
4. Wash the greenhouse and equipment.
5. Dig up the beds and remove weeds.
6. Disinfect the room.

Upon completion of the work, the structure is dried, ventilated and closed for the winter.

If the greenhouse is film, the material is removed in the fall, disinfected, and stored. Then the frame is processed: the wooden frame is cleaned of dirt, impregnated with a primer, and painted if necessary. Metal is checked for chips and rust. These places are sanded with sandpaper and covered with paint.

Garbage collection

The first stage of work is harvesting the tops.
Harvesting is carried out in early autumn, immediately after harvesting. Aboveground and underground parts of plants are removed, the pins are removed. The collected waste, ropes and wooden stakes are burned. They are not suitable for reuse as they contain a lot of bacteria.

If the tops are free of diseases and pests, they are sent to a compost pit. The furrows are cleared of debris, weeds are pulled out, and the flooring is repaired.

Construction and inventory

The second important task of autumn is to prepare the structure and equipment for the upcoming season.

Cleaning

It is most convenient to process a greenhouse made of polycarbonate and glass in the fall. The walls and roof can be washed thoroughly without rushing. Chemicals that get into the soil will decompose before spring and will not harm young plants.

To treat the walls of the greenhouse, prepare a solution from a grated piece of laundry or tar soap and a bucket of hot water. Coatings are cleaned inside and out with a sponge or cloth soaked in a solution. Contaminated areas are treated with a brush. Then the soap is washed off with water from a hose.

Cleaning is best done in dry, cloudy weather.

The tools that were in the greenhouse are also put in order in the fall. They are washed and dried. If necessary, they repair and paint the cuttings.

You can disinfect garden tools with chlorhexidine or bleach solution. It is also used to process corners, joints, and small parts of the greenhouse. Plastic containers and tanks are washed and rinsed with copper sulfate, then dried.

Disinfection

It is necessary to disinfect both the soil and the structure of the greenhouse.
For high-quality treatment, everything unnecessary is removed from the greenhouse, leaving bare walls. Internal, auxiliary systems are removed and taken out. If the greenhouse is new, disinfection is carried out with a hot solution of soda ash (1 tablespoon of powder per 2 liters of water), green soap, 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture (unpainted structures). Heavy stains are removed with mustard powder. Dip a damp sponge into the product and treat the surface.

Preparations suitable for autumn treatment of old greenhouses:

• Cutting sulfur. The crystals are mixed in equal proportions with charcoal and scattered on metal baking sheets. The blanks are placed evenly throughout the greenhouse and set on fire. The room is closed and left for 3–4 days. Then ventilate. You cannot use sulfur cuttings in a greenhouse with a metal frame.
• Copper or iron sulfate . 100 g of powder is dissolved in 10 liters. For work, take a sprayer, sprinkler or spray bottle.
• Potassium permanganate . After dilution, the solution should acquire a bright pink tint. They treat surfaces using a spray gun or brush.
• Bleaching powder. 400 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Leave for 4 hours. Drain the liquid from the sediment and spray the interior space. After the procedure, the greenhouse is closed for 4–5 days. If you don’t have bleach, you can use quicklime or whitewash.
• Sulfur checker. Suitable for polycarbonate structures and glass structures with wooden frames. Cannot be used for processing metal parts. The checker emits sulfur dioxide, which upon contact with liquid is converted into acid. Getting on metal leads to corrosion that cannot be stopped.

If the greenhouse is old or disinfection has not been carried out for a long time, formalin is taken for treatment. A potent drug kills all microorganisms on the surface.

Tillage in a greenhouse

In the fall, the soil in the greenhouse is disinfected and dug up.
After cleaning the room, the top layer of soil is replaced. To improve soil fertility and increase yield, it is enough to remove 10–15 cm of soil. If the soil is contaminated, remove 20–30 cm. The procedure is carried out every 3 years.

The event is labor-intensive, so many do without it. If there is no infection or many pests in the greenhouse, the beds are treated with chemicals.

Methods

There are several ways to cultivate soil in a greenhouse:

• folk remedies;
• antibacterial drugs;
• broad-spectrum fungicides.

They can be used together or separately. Each has its pros and cons.

Homemade Recipes

By using folk remedies to cultivate land in a greenhouse, you can be sure of obtaining an environmentally friendly harvest.

To disinfect soil in a greenhouse in the fall, use the following solutions:

• The bucket is half filled with onion peels. Fill with boiling water to the brim and leave for 2 days. Treat the ground and polycarbonate surface.
• Boil a kilogram of tansy in 10 liters of water for a quarter of an hour, then cool. The solution is spilled into the beds and the walls are sprayed. Helps fight spider mites and whiteflies.
• A kilogram of lemon peels is crushed, placed in a three-liter jar and filled with liquid. They insist for a week. For treatment, 120 ml of infusion is dissolved in a bucket of water. Used for watering the soil and spraying greenhouse surfaces.

The proposed recipes are suitable for mild infestation by harmful insects.

Useful video about a means for disinfecting a greenhouse in the fall

Ready-made products

The most popular among gardeners are biological products containing microorganisms. Their advantages include: safety for people and plants, positive effect on soil structure, preservation of soil bioflora after treatment. Use biological agents in warm, cloudy weather.

Ready-made products for greenhouse disinfection

There are various types of biologics available on the market. The most effective:

• Alatar protects against insects. For 10 liters of liquid you will need 5 ml of product.
• Baikal-Em1. Add half a cup (100 ml) of concentrate to a bucket of water.
• Means Maxim. The proportion of liquid and drug is 3:1.
• Fitosporin. 6 ml of solution is combined with 10 liters of water.
• Trichodermin is used against the spread of rot. For the master composition, a pack of powder is slowly mixed with 1 liter of warm water. The mixture is kept in a warm place for 2 hours, then used to treat the soil in the greenhouse. The solution is prepared from 100 ml of the drug and 10 liters of liquid. The suspension is suitable for use for 6 hours;
• Alirin-B. The tablet is dissolved in a bucket of water.

Biological products help decompose organic residues, enriching the soil with useful microelements.

You can treat a greenhouse in the fall against diseases with colloidal sulfur or peracetic acid. The products will protect plants from scab, powdery mildew and rust. After treating the greenhouse walls, lichens and moss will disappear.

Sometimes more serious means are required to disinfect the soil. For example, when constructing a greenhouse on obviously contaminated or new land. Here chemicals will come to the aid of the gardener. They will not only destroy dangerous microorganisms, but will also allow you to do without replacing the soil.

Handling such mixtures requires caution and the use of personal protective equipment.

Table: chemical preparations for autumn treatment of the greenhouse after harvesting:

After treatment, the greenhouse is closed for 2 weeks so that the drug has the maximum effect on infections and harmful insects.

Preparing for the next harvest

In greenhouses, there is no natural renewal of the fertile soil layer, so additional measures cannot be avoided. After harvesting the last crop, it is necessary to apply organic and mineral fertilizers. To improve the composition and structure of greenhouse soil, use:

• organic fertilizers - manure, compost, rotted leaf litter;
• peat with a slightly acidic reaction;
• river sand;
• straw or hay;
• ash.

When digging, store-bought mineral complex mixtures (such as “Autumn”) are added.

It is damper in a polycarbonate greenhouse, and freezing of the ground begins later than in greenhouses with removable cover. Therefore, it is not recommended, for example, to mulch the ground with straw “in winter.” This leads to the formation of mold.

A good way to increase fertility is to sow mustard, clover, phacelia or any other green manure. If the harvest is harvested early (late August-early September), then green fertilizers can be sifted twice.

Important! If this is your first time sowing green manure crops, follow these rules:

1. The seeds are not planted deeply, but are left on the surface of a well-loosened bed. After sowing, abundant watering is required.
2. Do not spare the seeds; the thicker the mustard sprouts, for example, the better.
3. After the plants reach a height of 20-25 cm, you need to embed them into the soil with a flat cutter or hoe. If you meet the deadline, re-sow immediately.

What pest control products are used?

Treating your greenhouse before winter is a good way to kill larvae and pests. Insects are tenacious and reproduce quickly. If you leave them overwinter, they are guaranteed to ruin the harvest next year.

Description of common greenhouse pests

Pests will overwinter in the greenhouse if it is not treated.
Most often found in a greenhouse are:

• The bear eater is a large insect that lives in the ground. It feeds on all plants that gardeners grow. The larvae gnaw the root system. Adults eat roots, stems, and fallen fruits. The length of the insect reaches 5 cm, thickness - 1.5 cm. Color - brownish-brown.
• The armyworm is a nocturnal pest. Cutworm caterpillars eat tomatoes, cabbage, eggplants and peppers. Length – 30 mm. The color may be brown or green. After birth, the caterpillar immediately begins to eat. Young individuals are weeds, and older ones crawl onto the cultivated plant.
• Wireworm is the larva of a click beetle that destroys tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers. Length 1.5 cm. Color – yellow-brown. It eats away the core of the stem, damaging the above-ground and underground parts of the crop.
• Spider mite . The insect harms all vegetable crops. The adult body is green. Length – 0.5 mm. Females overwinter in the cracks of greenhouses and in the ground. In the spring they move to seedlings, laying eggs on the underside of the leaves. The leaf becomes covered with cobwebs and dries out, the plant dies.
• The whitefly butterfly is a threat to greenhouses. Looks like a miniature white moth. The insect spreads en masse throughout all plantings and leads to the death of bushes.
• A nematode is a small worm that feeds on the root system of greenhouse crops. Releases toxins that form growths on the roots. The plant does not receive enough nutrients and dries out.
• Thrips . The insect has an oblong body and two pairs of wings. Length – 2 mm. Larvae and adults feed on the undersides of leaves. The damaged area dries out and an irregularly shaped hole forms in its place.
• Green aphid . Eats young shoots, flower and leaf buds. The danger lies in lightning-fast reproduction. Due to the defeat, the bushes become deformed, buds, peduncles and ovaries fall off.
• Slugs . They damage the soft tissue of the plant and eat away the fruits. A sign of being in a greenhouse is a shiny mark on the walls and ground.

Pest Control Products

The safest method of processing a polycarbonate greenhouse is thermal. The beds are watered with boiling water and covered with film for two days. During the fall, the procedure is repeated 3 times. Exposure to high temperatures kills germs and pathogenic bacteria.

Table: effective ways to treat a greenhouse against pests in the fall:

Freezing is effective where there is severe frost. In the middle and southern regions there will be no benefit from the event.

How to treat greenhouses in the fall, choice of products

In the fall, you can use various preparations, even aggressive chemicals, since during the winter the most dangerous elements usually have time to be neutralized. But we should start with more gentle measures.

1. If prevention is needed, use steaming. Prepare boiling water at the rate of 2-3 liters per m2 and water the ridges. Afterwards, cover the beds with film; you can use an old and not very clean one.
2. A more radical measure is the use of copper sulfate. Its solution is used when washing a greenhouse and for disinfecting the soil. Using copper sulfate you can get rid of insect pests and fungal pathogens.
3. Iron sulfate will get rid of harmful microorganisms, but will not spare beneficial microflora. After disinfection, you will receive a “dead” greenhouse, unsuitable for gardening for a year.
4. Disinfecting solution "Persel 6" will destroy mold, pathogens of fungal diseases, and disinfect ridges and greenhouse frames. The manufacturer recommends continuous spraying of greenhouse buildings and guarantees complete decomposition of the drug in the ground.

Soil cultivation and replacement of the top layer

The most reliable way to get rid of pathogens and pests is to remove the top layer of soil (7-8 cm) and remove it from the greenhouse. Ideally, take it outside the site.

But this is not so easy to do. First of all, you will unload at least 2 m3 of soil from an average greenhouse. Where to take such a mass of soil? And leaving the source of infection on the site is dangerous: the infection will continue.

Then, the old soil must be replaced, that is, the same amount of fertile soil must be added to replace the one that has served its purpose. You need to be careful when purchasing soil mixtures: even in stores they sell used substrate that is contaminated and not suitable for growing plants. Yes, and it is expensive to purchase several cubes of soil, but some pathogens have to be gotten rid of only by completely changing the soil. First of all, this applies to tobacco and cucumber mosaic viruses, which can completely damage a greenhouse. No drugs—not radical chemistry, much less folk remedies—have an effect on these diseases. At best, you will collect 5-10% of the possible harvest. Therefore, do not allow contamination of the greenhouse substrate, do not neglect crop rotation and autumn disinfection. And replace the soil at least once every 3-4 years.

Features of greenhouse processing

The process of cultivating soil in a greenhouse in the fall depends on the plants being grown. For tomatoes, cucumbers and mixed plantings, the recommendations are different.

After tomatoes

All vegetation is removed and burned. There should be no seeds or root system left. Unharvested parts of tomatoes infected with late blight will destroy new bushes next year.

A polycarbonate greenhouse is treated in the fall with any of the disinfectants using a spray bottle. The glass greenhouse is washed with a hot solution prepared from laundry soap or potassium permanganate. Wooden frames are impregnated with slaked lime. Sulfur bombs are used to simultaneously treat the structure and the soil.

For late blight, Furacilin is used in the fall. Two tablets are dissolved in 1 liter of warm water. The liquid is sprayed onto the greenhouse walls and soil.

After cucumbers

The soil in the greenhouse after cucumbers needs to be treated and fertilized.
The polycarbonate greenhouse is treated after cucumbers with an infusion of bleach. The soil is soaked to a depth of 7 cm with a weak solution of copper sulfate. The resulting sediment is used to disinfect the cracks between the wooden parts.

After the structure has dried, use a tobacco checker. It is enough to leave it indoors for half an hour. After the smoke treatment, the greenhouse is ventilated.

It is recommended to remove 6 cm of the top layer of soil, then fill in new soil and fertilize. Calcium nitrate can be used as a top dressing. Urea is added to sandy or sandy loam soil.

Mixed planting

After mixed plantings in the fall, you can treat the inside of the greenhouse with pharmacoiod. The drug will protect the root system of cucumbers from rot, and tomatoes from late blight.

You can also use:

• Agroyod for processing greenhouse structures, glass, films. The product kills the infection that has accumulated by autumn. 100 ml of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water. If the infestation is severe, then the volume of Agroyod is increased to 300 ml;
• Farmayod . It is allowed to do wet treatment of the greenhouse and water the soil. Two teaspoons of the product are dissolved in 10 liters of water.
• Regular iodine. For 10 liters take 1 teaspoon.
• Zelenka . For treatment, use 2 drops of antiseptic per 2 liters of liquid.
• Metronidazole for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. Five tablets are crushed and dissolved in 2 liters of liquid.

Preparing a greenhouse for the new season is not that difficult. The main thing is not to postpone activities until spring, but to treat the land and structures in the fall. As a result, the quantity and quality of vegetable crops will increase.

Photo: unsplash.com, pinterest.com

How to prepare a greenhouse and greenhouse for winter

So, preparing a greenhouse or greenhouse for winter necessarily includes:

• cleaning up plant debris;
• disinfection of soil and greenhouse frame;
• improving the structure and fertility of the substrate.

These are mandatory activities that must be carried out before the onset of winter. You cannot postpone processing until spring: you simply may not have time to do everything before April-May - the time of active planting and caring for plants. In addition, many actions (fumigation with a sulfur bomb, spraying with vitriol) require a break in work for several days. During the hot spring season, the gardener does not have these days.

If there is time left in the fall, you can do pre-winter repairs and strengthen the frame, and think about a system for throwing snow off the roof.

Thoughtful autumn work is the key to good harvests and longevity of greenhouse buildings. Allocate enough time, plan your workload, and working on your garden plot will bring you benefit and joy.