What types of smoke bombs and colored smokes are there? Pyrotechnics Review

Along with such pyrotechnic products as fireworks, firecrackers, firecrackers, sparklers, which have become firmly established in our lives and known to us since childhood, there are products for specialized purposes. This category includes a smoke bomb or, as it is called differently, a smoke bomb.

This remedy was used by the Russian army in the First World War.

As practice has shown, the use of smoke bombs during air bombing, artillery, and machine-gun fire from the enemy significantly reduces the effectiveness of enemy actions and helps to conceal the movement of troops or maneuver. In addition, it can be used as a camouflage or signaling agent. Currently, law enforcement agencies and special forces of different countries effectively use smoke to counteract reconnaissance weapons, as well as to interfere with the targeting of enemy high-precision weapons.

Submachine gunners in gas masks

In addition, smoke fumes are productively used not only in the military sphere, but also in agriculture to repel pests and combat frosts.

In security activities, smoke bombs help to disorient the criminal and quickly remove the protected person from his line of sight.

Today, colored smoke fumes are popular among photo shoot organizers. Colored smoke bombs add color and unusualness to photographs, because the smoke of bright, saturated colors hides the dull background, adding an atmosphere of mysticism to the photo exposure.

In everyday life, smoke blowers are widely used in sports games, strike and paintball.

There are smoke bombs and smoke grenades. The main difference is that the latter create a less intense and voluminous cloud of smoke, which spreads locally over a small area. While checkers are designed to create large smoke zones.

A hand-held smoke grenade (or in other words, an RDG smoke grenade) has an outer shell made of thick cardboard in a cylindrical shape, inside which there is a pyrotechnic smoke composition, and on the outside there is an ignition device. This grenade is very convenient to carry on your own, it is compact in size, quite light, and can be used without any problems while moving.

The most widespread use of smoke grenades during single combat operations of soldiers and small military units to simulate a fire of military equipment, the presence of troops in false deployment areas, blinding enemy firing points in close combat, etc. is due to their ease of individual use, small overall dimensions, throw range of 30 meters or more.

Most military smoke bombs weigh about 2.5 kilograms, which defines them as a static smoke release device. Due to their large mass, use while running becomes more difficult. Unlike a grenade, a checker is almost impossible to use while in cover, since due to its static nature, the area of ​​​​use is located in a clearly defined place in a pre-planned area.

Types of smoke products

Hand smoke grenade (HSG). This type is mistakenly called “RDG smoke bomb”, meaning a grenade by a checker;Smoke bombs: small, large, unified, block;Smoke cartridge;Smoke bombs for use in aviation;Smoke machines;Smoke mines and artillery shells;Portable aerosol generator.

Small smoke bombs are a cylinder-shaped tin case with a smoke composition, which can be of two types: anthracene or metal chloride.

The main purpose of small smoke bombs is to use them in close combat to set up a short-term camouflage screen of smoke.

Large smoke bombs are made of sheet steel, also in the shape of a cylinder, but with a side hole designed to allow smoke to escape.

The design of such a checker allows it to be used on water, since the hole of the checker in any position is above the water. Large smoke bombs are used to hide large objects from enemy vision for a long time using a dense camouflage smoke cloud.

A type of large smoke bomb is considered to be an army smoke bomb - a military bomb that differs from its counterparts in greater power, creating a wide smoke zone to camouflage a large point of fire, columns of military equipment, etc.

A unified smoke bomb, also known as a smoke bomb UDSH, is designed for setting up smoke screens in two ways: manually and remotely.

The checker itself is made in the shape of a TM-62 anti-tank mine and weighs 13.5 kilograms. Places an invisible smoke screen from 100 to 150 meters long. Ignition time: 30 seconds – by impact, 10 seconds – using an electric igniter; intensive burning time – 10-12 minutes; Equally effective from minus 40 to plus 50 degrees Celsius.

What greatly distinguishes this type of checker from others is the unified method of activating it: mechanically or through an electric detonator, which, undoubtedly, is its know-how and advantage over other static checkers: it can be used from helicopter mine spreaders. The unified smoke tube under the cover has electric donator wires, as well as a push mechanism, locked with a ring bracket. Sometimes it is equipped with a handle in the form of a carrying belt.

What is it used for?

These are not the only cases, but before the First World War, smoke was not a full-fledged weapon. The clouds of smoke dissipated after the invention of smokeless gunpowder, and already in 1890, large countries abandoned the use of obsolete gunpowder.

Smoke returned to the position with the appearance of chemical weapons. For example, when releasing chlorine on the enemy, the Germans discovered that a fog formed around the cylinders, which could be used to identify their location. For camouflage they used safe smoke, which did not even interfere with the offensive. At the same time, they began to use screens to conduct retreats and accompany tank attacks.

Different armies used different mixtures and compositions of smoke. Using the example of 1914-18:

• the British and French used phosphorus;
• Germans, a solution of sulfuric anhydride in sulfuric or chlorosulfonic acid, or the anhydride itself;
• The Russians fought with Ershov's sabers and similar means that produced solid particles. The smoke was white;
• The Americans installed curtains made from a mixture of zinc dust and carbon tetrachloride.

Initially, black products were used, but they did not provide reliable camouflage. The first white smoke was released by the Germans.

Checker with colored smoke

In addition to camouflage purposes, smoke served signaling functions. It has long been used to warn about a threat. They also managed to use it as an analogue of Morse code, releasing puffs of smoke at a certain interval.

In modern conditions, manual versions are common, for example, the Russian Army has RDG-2, RDG-2x and RDG-2ch. They allow you to perform the following tasks:

• creation of a short-term screen for advance/retreat, used over a small area;
• allows you to disorient or blind enemy units;
• simulate activity, fire, including damage to equipment at a certain point;
• mining/clearing;
• during evacuation from the battlefield;
• allows you to indicate your location for aviation during search operations;
• send a certain signal, a coded message, for which colored smoke or a trigger of a certain duration can be used.

During World War II, the combat use of chemical smoke agents was abandoned because it became possible to protect the army, but the fear of large-scale use remained. Poisons migrated from the trenches to the concentration camps.

Currently, chemical weapons are banned by the UN, so their use is limited to the listed functions of the RDG. However, this does not completely exclude the possibility of dying from such weapons.

Security measures

When activating any of the smoke bombs, you should carefully study the instructions and be sure to follow the safety rules, since the smoke bomb contains pyrotechnic smoke compositions - highly flammable substances, so it can only be used in uninhabited places, away from fire hazardous objects. The safe distance radius must be at least 200 meters.

It is recommended to use a remote method to activate a smoke bomb, for example, using a long lit stick. This is necessary in order to avoid possible consequences during its operation, since combustion is reactive in nature and can cause some movement of the checker. In any case, no matter what experience you have, you should always have fire extinguishing equipment with you and have the skills to use them.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

A smoke bomb or smoke bomb is a pyrotechnic device that produces smoke, used mainly for camouflage (manoeuvres), marking signals, and also to combat agricultural pests and frost. But in our beloved country, it is not used for its intended purpose, but for entertainment and is made independently by teenagers from scrap materials.

In what cases is a tobacco smoke bomb used?

If you notice that your crops that you are growing in a greenhouse have begun to grow and develop poorly, and also that the leaves are beginning to be affected by various diseases and pests, then this is a clear signal that you need to carry out tobacco treatment. Polycarbonate greenhouses especially need such treatment, since it is in them that the air humidity can be very high, which is a reason for the proliferation of pests and diseases. Here are the insects that tobacco sticks are good to use against:

• Aphid.
• Medyanitsa.
• Spider mite.
• Ground fleas.
• Butterfly
• Whitefly.
• Thrips.
• Late blight.

It is also possible to use tobacco checkers as a preventive measure:

• for routine disinfection of the greenhouse,
• to stimulate the growth of vegetable crops,
• in order to increase the safety of fruits.

The nicotine contained in drafts does not cause any harm to plants at all. Certain crops (potatoes, eggplant, peppers and tomatoes) contain small amounts of nicotine. Tobacco smoke has a short shelf life. Insect poisoning occurs only at the time of the procedure. It is for this reason that fumigation must be carried out more than once.

Types of smoke bombs

Smoke bombs can be divided by duration of action: long-term and instantaneous. A long-acting smoke pipe is a metal barrel with a hole(s) for supplying smoke.

An instant smoke squib is a squib with a fast-burning composition that releases smoke. The duration of smoke emission, both for instant and long-term smoke bombs, depends on the composition and volume of the smoke bomb filler. Next we will talk about instant home-made smoke bombs and how they can be made at home with minimal cost and time.

Using the Whirlwind checker

The active ingredient in the Vikhr checker is permethrin. In addition, the composition includes a thermal mixture consisting of fuel peat and ammonium nitrate. Externally, the drug is a brown powder. Destroys more than 30 species of various insects, including ticks, bedbugs, flies, mosquitoes, fleas and others. It has an intestinal-contact effect on parasites, the effect of use manifests itself quite quickly. When an insect enters the body, the poison affects the nervous system, causing paralysis and convulsions, and the insect quickly dies. Widely used for processing agricultural, utility and other domestic premises.

Checker Whirlwind

The advantages of the Whirlwind checker include the following:

• wide spectrum of action of the drug;
• rapid weathering, the premises can be used after two hours;
• high smoke penetration and, as a result, high efficiency;
• no corrosion of equipment in the premises;
• lack of special skills and training; any adult can use a saber;
• low toxicity to humans and animals.

Smoke bomb using nitrate (ammonium nitrate)

To prepare a smoke fume, you will need the following ingredients: ammonium nitrate and paper (newspaper).

Ammonium nitrate must be mixed with water until completely dissolved (in the proportion of 3 parts water and 1 part nitrate).

Pour the resulting solution into a suitable container for soaking newspapers (for example, a basin). Place newspapers in the solution for 15-30 seconds. Afterwards, dry the soaked newspapers.

After drying, 3-5 sheets of newspaper (whole, not torn) need to be tightly wrapped in a tube (so that there is no hole in the center; the duration and intensity of the smoke emitted will depend on the length and diameter of the tube) and tied tightly with thread. Set the resulting tube on fire and place it on the ground. The larger the pipe, the more smoke it emits. Watch the video: a 50 kg smoke pipe according to a recipe with saltpeter.

Smoke bomb using salt

This smoke bomb is the simplest.

To make a smoke bomb, you will need the following components: paper (newspaper), salt (preferably fine, since coarse salt can shoot in different directions when heated) and tape.

We crumple the paper into a lump, then open this lump and pour salt into the center. After this, we wrap it tightly with tape and the smoke pipe is ready to be set on fire.

Smoke bomb using soap

The principle of making a smoke bomb using soap is similar to making a smoke bomb using saltpeter and this will require the following components: laundry soap and paper (newspaper).

We fill a basin with water and rub the laundry soap on a coarse grater. Dissolve the soap in water and carefully soak the sheets in the resulting mass. We dry the soaked sheets of paper; they must be intact; otherwise, due to the large volume of oxygen inside the smoke oven, there will be less smoke.

We roll them into a tight bag and wrap them in plastic. Insert a wooden rod into the center. The smoke tube is ready for use.

Smoke bomb without using paper

Below are several ways to make a smoke stove without using paper.

To make a smoke bomb, you will need the following main components: hydroperite and analgin in tablets. These tablets can be purchased at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. Hydroperit costs around 30 rubles for 8 tablets, analgin costs around 25 rubles for 10 tablets.

Mash the tablets with a large spoon and turn them into powder. Pour the resulting powder one by one into a container, for example, into an iron can. The reaction of smoke release occurs when the container is heated.

You can make a smoke bomb from plastic items such as a table tennis ball, a tumbler and an officer's ruler (Soviet style). We break it into several pieces and set it on fire, let it flare up a little, then extinguish it and watch the white smoke.

It is also possible to use the above-described plastic products with paper. Break it into small pieces. We wrap the pieces tightly in paper, set them on fire, let them flare up and simmer.

Watch the making of a smoke blower in the video:

Description and properties of a smoke bomb

This method of influencing pests is more often used outdoors. It is used by fishermen, hunters, tourists and geologists. A smoke screen can also be used indoors, however, in this case preparation is required. Using this method, fungus is destroyed on the walls and other surfaces of the cellar. However, the saber is used not only against insects and protozoa, but also to destroy small rodents.

This method is used to disinfect the following objects:

• Basement
• Cellars
• Garages
• Warehouses, hangars
• Residential, apartment building
• Greenhouses.

How does it work?

The principle of operation of a smoke screen is based on the spread of dense smoke, which contains toxic substances. Along with this, intense heating of the air space occurs. The result is the death of insects and microorganisms. The spread of smoke is ensured by air draft. In this way, the poison penetrates into any crevices and acts in hidden areas that cannot be reached manually.

Smoke bombs are very effective against bedbugs and cockroaches, but they are usually less effective at killing ants.

What substances does it contain?

Disinfection and destruction of pests with a smoke bomb is carried out using different components:

1. Sulfur and compounds based on it. The result of the combustion process of the checker is sulfur dioxide. This is a substance characterized by a high level of toxicity (class 2). This means that the use of a sulfur smoke bomb can harm humans, animals, birds, and bees. In addition, upon contact with water, sulfurous acid is formed, under the influence of which organic matter dies, since this substance provokes burns.
2. Hexachlorane – characterized by contact-intestinal action. This insecticide is effective in controlling insects of various types.
3. Permethrin is another insecticide that affects the nervous system of pests. This smoke bomb gets rid of flies, cockroaches, mosquitoes, bedbugs, moths, fleas, and ants.
4. Didecyldimethylammonium bromide - its action is aimed at microorganisms (fungal, bacterial infections), therefore the main area of ​​application: cellars, agricultural storage facilities.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of sulfur/insecticide bombs for greenhouses and other facilities is their excellent performance. In addition, this method is easy to use and economical. However, there are also disadvantages, for example, high toxicity.

Additionally, checkers against cockroaches and other pests are not able to destroy severe fungal infections when treating the cellar. Under the influence of sulfur compounds, the metal oxidizes. When processing a greenhouse, the likelihood of burns on plant foliage increases.

Colored smoke bomb

I would like to give you a recipe for making the most colorful dumovukha – colored one. Especially if you use several smoke bombs of different colors at the same time. For manufacturing you will need the following main components:

potassium nitrate, 60g; sugar, 40g; soda, 0.5 teaspoon; dye, 3 teaspoons (the more varied the colors, the better).

Take a bucket and put the prepared saltpeter and sugar into it. The proportion is 3 parts saltpeter and 2 parts sugar (i.e.

60 grams and 40 grams, respectively). Mix the mass, put it on low heat, and stir constantly, otherwise it may burn and fail. The mass should become homogeneous and acquire a slightly golden color. Add soda with dye. When adding soda, the mixture should foam. Don't stop stirring. Add 3 tsp.

l. dye. Let the resulting mixture cool to room temperature. Put on rubber gloves and start filling the container. For the container we will need empty paper towel rolls or something similar, one part needs to be sealed.

We fill the container with the mass as tightly as possible; there should be no emptiness. Insert some kind of stick into the center of the checker and leave the workpiece to dry. After a day, replace the stick with a wick, for example, made of twine. Smoke flare can be used.

Watch the colored smoke in the video:

Safety precautions when making a smoke bomb

when making a smoke bomb, you should change into clothes that you won’t mind getting dirty or even ruined;

The face should be kept as far away from the ingredients as possible;

eyes should be protected with special safety glasses;

You must wear rubber gloves on your hands;

The respiratory system should be protected with a respirator;

It is better to carry out the procedure for making a smoke bomb on the street or in the garage;

You should not dry newspapers soaked in saltpeter at home; drops that fall on the floor are eaten away and difficult to remove;

if an open flame gets into the ingredients, a fire may occur;

smoke bombs, especially those based on ammonium nitrate, cannot be stored.

They should be made before direct use, since spontaneous combustion or even explosion of the smoke fume is possible.

Instructions for use

• Shake the bomb well before use until ignited
• Spray indoors or indoors for 20 seconds or more
• Do not use or store at temperatures above 50°C or near a window.
• Avoid spraying near the lens of surveillance cameras

Preparation for processing

Rules for using smoke bombs against bedbugs:

• All people and pets must be removed from the room before using smoke bombs.
• Bed linen should be removed from the bed and hung on lines
• The mattress should be positioned vertically to facilitate the entry of insecticidal smoke.
• Children's toys, clothing, dishes and food should be isolated from exposure to smoke using plastic bags
• Take out the bird cages
• Cover the aquarium
• The smoke bomb is placed in the middle of the room in a pan or basin of water to avoid accidental fire

Processing process

After the wick is lit and smoke enters the room, the organizer of this process must leave the room and close the door. People should not inhale smoke from the bomb.

Basic safety measures when using checkers also require that the person baiting bedbugs is wearing a long-sleeved jacket and tight-fitting trousers. It is mandatory to wear a respirator.

After processing

The general rule for working in premises where insect extermination measures have been carried out is to wet treat the premises.

The smell after using smoke bombs lasts for about a week. For this and other reasons, it is recommended that children and pets are not allowed into the treated area for the first week after the bed bug extermination procedure. Also, people prone to allergies should not stay in the apartment, as the substance can cause an allergic reaction.

Safety precautions when using a smoke bomb

A smoke bomb should be used in deserted places. There should be no people within a radius of 200-250 meters, as well as nothing flammable or explosive;

to ignite a smoke stove, it is better to use a remote igniter (for example, a stick with fire at the end);

After igniting a smoke bomb, reactive combustion is possible and it can begin to rush and fly in different directions. You need to be prepared for this and plan your actions;

Fire extinguishing means must be kept at the ready in case the situation gets out of control and be able to use them.

REMEMBER!!! Making and using a smoke bomb imposes obligations on you to preserve property, as well as preserve the life and health of people. Your careless actions can lead to irreversible consequences and even death. So, if you are not confident in your abilities and cannot implement the technique and safety measures 100%, then you should not take on making, much less using, a smoke bomb!!!

An example of using colored smoke for useful purposes:

Sources:

• militaryarms.ru
• akaksdelat.com

What is a sulfur bomb Fas: composition, weight

The main active ingredient is sulfur: the composition of the universal FAS checker consists of 80% of it. Product weight is 300 g (+- 5%). The outer skin of the product is made of polycarbonate. The shape can be cylindrical or triangular.

The product package includes a wick so that it can be lit. The wick is long enough so that after setting fire the user can leave the treated area in a timely manner.

The Fas checker looks similar to a military smoke grenade (the casing of which is also made of carbonate), and the principle of its use is exactly the same. Therefore, when transporting a product to a dacha through traffic police checkpoints, problems may arise with explaining its purpose.

Where is it sold and how much does it cost?

You can purchase the Fas checker in stores specializing in pest control products. Sometimes it is sold in flower shops and home improvement stores. You need to look for it in the insect control department.

Checker Fas and its packaging

The average cost is 50-70 rubles.

Purpose: where and for what can the Fas smoke bomb be used?

The main purpose is to destroy fungal microorganisms (mold), remove small rodents (for example, it can be used against mice) and fight insects.

The product is not intended for treatment of residential premises. It can only be used in non-residential premises: basements, greenhouses, hotbeds, as well as in outbuildings after relocating pets from them.

Basements must be treated before storing food. Processing of greenhouses is carried out after harvesting, before the next planting.

The Fas checker should be used in the following cases:

1. For disinfection purposes. The product is used to destroy mold microorganisms and some types of bacteria. You can use the product in the cellar and in the greenhouse to combat mold. This method is quite effective: smoke easily penetrates into all corners, neutralizing mold deposits.
2. For disinfestation purposes. The product is perfect for killing insects (cockroaches, ants, bedbugs, etc.).
3. For breeding small animals (moles, mice, rats). The saber simply drives away the most persistent rodents, and kills the weaker ones, paralyzing the nervous system.
4. To combat unwanted vegetation (for example, moss).

Is the Fas checker dangerous for humans, crops, and plants?

The manufacturer assures that the smoke from the bomb does not affect the human body (when wearing a respirator or gas mask), and if it does, it is minimal. In fact, inhaling sulfur dioxide is dangerous, so when using the product you should definitely use protective equipment and leave the room as soon as possible after setting it on fire.

There is a potential risk to human health. The hazard class of the product during combustion is second (dangerous compounds). It is not recommended to stay in the treated area for a long time, even in PPE (personal protective equipment).

Instructions on the package

The effect of smoke on the body of animals is fatal - therefore, they (if we are talking about pets) must be removed from the room being treated, as serious disruptions to the functioning of internal organs are possible. It's all about the sulfur contained in the product: when it burns, it releases dangerous sulfur dioxide.

Smoke from a bomb can negatively affect various foods and plants (from potatoes to flowers). All products (even canned ones) must be removed from the area being treated.