Bean caryopsis (bruchus), measures to combat bean pests

Where to store beans?

- in ordinary cans, from which the air has previously been pumped out. Now on sale there are incredibly convenient sets for storing all kinds of cereals, dried fruits, grains, mushrooms, herbs, berries and other products, consisting of vacuum lids and a pump. Beans are poured into the jar and covered with a lid, on the surface of which there is a silicone valve. Air is pumped out through the valve using a small pump. In vacuum conditions, beans will last a long time, because neither fungus nor grain can reproduce without oxygen.

— storing beans in the refrigerator is a great option for those who don’t have too many beans. Grains placed in a bag or fabric bag will be perfectly stored. The main thing is to choose a place and container in which condensation will not accumulate

- Storing beans in the freezer is also a good option. The only bad thing about it is that since mid-summer, experienced housewives have been filling their freezers to capacity with strawberries, raspberries, dill, asparagus and other vitamin-rich berries and vegetables, so there may not be any valuable space for beans.

- balcony. Normal conditions for storing beans on the balcony are provided only with the arrival of cold weather. Before this, either store it in the refrigerator or dry/freeze it so as not to run into trouble in the form of holes from the grain.

- a pantry or closet is not the best place to store beans, but if the grains are clean, dry, and neutralized, they will overwinter well in a dark, secluded place.

Finally, we note that both during storage and before storing beans, beans are sorted from time to time, removing suspicious beans - wrinkled, dried, damaged beans.

Tatyana Kuzmenko, member of the editorial board of the online publication “AtmAgro. Agroindustrial Bulletin"

Bristle nodule weevil

Also small, only an oblong bug - less than half a centimeter.

Distributed everywhere, only the tundra zone did not attract its climate. Setae on the elytra, hence the name.

Protruding “surprised” eyes. The female is extremely fertile (more than 800 eggs); she lays eggs, roughly speaking, “anywhere.”

She simply scatters them wherever she has to: on the ground, on plants, wherever.

Uncovered, the eggs quickly dry out and become mobile at the slightest breeze. They fall to the ground and wait for the rains.

Rain mixes them with the soil. This is their habitat, the feeding place for future larvae.

The larvae hatch during the rainy season. If the drought drags on, some of them die without leaving the eggs.

The weevil has a curved, legless and eyeless larva, but it has a head.

The dining room of the larvae is the rhizosphere of the roots, menu: nodules on the roots of beans. While the larva is small, it rules inside the nodules; as it grows, it comes out.

The larva already has few nodules; along with feeding on them, it gnaws the surface of the roots.

For a month to a month and a half, the larva torments the root system of the bean, destroys the nodules and the roots themselves, then pupates in the ground.

Maybe close to the surface, or maybe thirty centimeters deep.

After another week and a half, hungry beetles emerge from the pupae. They go looking for young, succulent foliage.

They can find it in the upper tiers of beans if they are climbing, or they attack young bush leaves.

Some migrate to younger related legumes. The most far-sighted ones find alfalfa or clover.

There you can eat until it gets cold, and then overwinter in the soil under perennials.

If the weevil settles on beans, it harms it and subsequent crops in the crop rotation.

Losing nodules, the plant itself suffers and poorly enriches the soil with nitrogen. The voracious larvae thoroughly select this nitrogen along with the nodules.

The harvest drops significantly, and its quality also decreases: with damaged roots, the plant cannot function normally.

Control measures. If sown as early as possible, the beans will partially survive.

She will have time to rise and get stronger a little before the beetle wakes up. If there is alfalfa on the plot, it is worth thinking about what to choose.

The presence of a weevil on it will inevitably lead to it on the beans. When beans are more important, it is better to plow up the alfalfa and remove it from the garden.

Otherwise, the harmful beetle will be indestructible.

Agrotechnical measures:

• Plowing after legumes. Not immediately, when the beetle lay down for the winter, and it was already quite cold.
• Lack of legume perennials (grasses) per kilometer from bean crops.
• Preventing soil acidification (liming).

This curbs the weevil infestation. If it was already present, then the seeds are treated with available insecticides before sowing.

Aphid

Black and green aphids are among the most common garden pests. It is almost impossible to protect plants from their appearance, but there are several effective methods of control.

Aphids are small insects, 1 to 5 millimeters long, with small transparent wings that grow in midsummer. This helps aphids move long distances in search of new food sources.

The insect settles on fresh shoots and lower areas of leaves; ants participate in the settlement process and help the individuals to be distributed more evenly. The ants also protect the aphids from predators, and as a reward for their services they receive a sugary liquid secreted by the aphids.

Aphids on leaves can completely destroy a tree or plant.

These harmful insects pierce the surface of the stems, buds, and leaves of beans and suck the juice out of them. Injured plants grow slowly, shed their leaves and bear almost no fruit. In addition, these bean pests are carriers of viral diseases that are dangerous to legumes.

Fighting methods

There are several ways to deal with them. It is necessary to prepare a green soap emulsion of 2–4% and spray the damaged plants. You can water the beans with liquid fertilizers based on nettles; this composition is harmless to humans, but the aphids disappear within a few days. You should not abuse chemicals unless absolutely necessary: ​​in addition to the fact that it makes the bean crop toxic, the chemicals destroy the natural enemies of aphids and it becomes even more difficult to fight this pest.

Garden plants such as dill, parsley, carrots and fennel attract hoverflies, the natural enemies of aphids, while thyme can repel black aphids with its scent.

Methods for controlling bean pests

When the larvae emerge on the plant substrate, they will remain there for some time. Therefore, the use of various insecticides will help get rid of unwanted insects.

Spraying should begin when the beans begin to bloom. Abundantly, creating a hazy effect over the future harvest. For example, the best option in the fight against this pest is the drug “Aktara-25%”. To prepare the solution, follow the instructions on the package. According to statistics, this method can reduce damage to seeds and beans by 5 times.

In general, in the fight against weevil, you can use three methods:

• application of insecticides;
• freezing;
• warming up.

The last two methods involve the death of beetles, eggs and larvae if they remain in the seeds. In production, sorting machines separate damaged beans with insects from whole ones. Doing this at home will be more labor-intensive. Therefore, using insecticides is the most convenient way: after the beetles emerge from the seeds, you can easily sort out the beans by hand.

Bean pests: description and control methods

Bean grain

We already mentioned the bean grain when we talked about storing beans. Indeed, it is unrealistic to keep beans safe and sound if they contain at least one grain. What kind of animal is this?

And this animal is a small beetle up to half a centimeter in size, brown in color with a yellow-red belly and tips of the elytra. This pest of beans (and not only - the weevil also affects peas, soybeans, beans, lentils, chickpeas, although not so readily) appears when the beans begin to ripen. The insect reproduces both in the garden and in storage areas at optimal temperatures - from 15 to 30 degrees. Female beetle beetles lay larvae in groups on seeds, in cracks of dry beans, between grains, etc. There are 40-50 eggs in one clutch. For 4 days, the larvae crawl freely, after which they bite into beans, where they develop until metamorphosis. A beetle can produce more than three generations in a year; one development cycle takes 1-2 months.

Small dark holes are visible on the surface of damaged grains. 10-20 larvae can live in one grain at the same time.

How to deal with bean weevil?

First, let's talk about bean pest prevention. Remove the beans from the garden before they crack, dry them a little, peel them, then pour them onto a baking sheet to disinfect the grains and heat them in the oven at 50 degrees for 20 minutes. There is another option for getting rid of pests from beans - placing them in the freezer for three days. In both the first and second cases, the larvae or adults will die.

Beans should be stored in tightly closed jars, or even better - in jars from which the air has been pumped out. Beans are well stored in the refrigerator or on the balcony or loggia.

Before planting, the grains are pickled - in peroxide, potassium permanganate or just hot water (70-80 degrees).

Chemical control of bean insects should be used if no other methods help. For example, the weevil really does not like the smell of garlic and dill, so if you plant them next to a bean bed, the pest will most likely bypass your beans.

Decis or Aktara (one-time treatment before flowering) will help you deal with bean grains. But you can take biological products with a wide spectrum of action - Gaupsin, Verticillin (spraying before flowering and after flowering). Be sure to take into account the waiting period, especially when it comes to green beans.

Sprout fly

This animal works not only on beans, but also on many other seedlings. An adult has the appearance of an inconspicuous gray-brown fly up to 0.5 cm long, with dark stripes on its back.

The sprout fly on beans damages the grains during germination. The pupae of this insect overwinter in the soil; in April or early May, flies emerge from them and lay eggs in the soil.

If the soil is moist, after a week or a little more, larvae 0.5-0.7 cm long emerge from them and begin to explore the ground in search of food. As a rule, they are embedded in the place of bean grains where the sprout emerges. Damaged seedlings rot or produce weak plants. And the larvae pupate after two to three weeks.

How to deal with sprout fly on beans?

First, sow beans as early as possible so that the plants are stronger by the time the larvae emerge from the eggs. When the soil has warmed up to 10 degrees, sow.

Secondly, the sprout fly prefers to lay eggs in moist soil, with particles of poorly rotted manure. Therefore, either apply fresh manure in the fall rather than in the spring, or use well-rotted manure in the beds.

To repel sprout flies from bean plantings in late April or early May, water the plantings with garlic infusion, or plant garlic nearby. You can also dust the crops with tobacco dust, ground pepper, and ash.

And only as a last resort, this bean pest requires the use of insecticides (Fufanon, Tanrek), according to the instructions.

Aphids on beans

It hardly makes sense to describe what aphids are and what aphids look like on beans. Therefore, let’s immediately move on to the prevention and control of aphids on beans:

- plant strong-smelling plants nearby - garlic, calendula, pelargonium. The strong smell will confuse the aphids.

- spray with strong-smelling infusions - from horseradish roots, tomato tops, onion peels, etc.

- if there are very few aphids on the beans, you can carefully remove them with your hands, or attract hover flies, ladybugs or lacewings into the garden. Who, who, and these insects will quickly deal with aphids

- if aphids are already very annoying to your beans, you can turn to chemical preparations - “Aktara”, “Intavir”, “Agrovertin”. Also, against aphids on beans, you can use biological products such as Gaupsin, Trichodermin, Planriz in a tank mixture.

Prevention

Before we talk about methods of combating bean weevil, let us remind you of preventive measures designed to prevent the spread of this most dangerous pest, starting directly with sowing.

• To avoid infesting the site with a pest, you need to carefully select seed material. If there is a large damage to the grains, it is better not to use them; if the damage is small, you can place the seeds for an hour in an aqueous saline solution, the density of which is one kilogram of salt per three-liter jar of water.
• It is worth sowing as early as possible, this will give the plant a reserve to bloom before the mass emergence of the grains.
• Before bean formation, legume crops can be treated with insecticides such as Arrivo, Aktara or the like.
• When storing at home, after carefully sorting the grains, they should be placed in glass or metal containers. A good place for storage would be loggias and balconies with negative temperatures in winter.
• In granaries, preventive treatment of bottoms should be carried out: cleaning, drying, disinfection.

Bean seed propagation

The necessary conditions

For insect reproduction, the following conditions are necessary:

1. favorable nutrient environment: fields with legumes, warehouses;
2. ambient temperature from 18 to 30 degrees;
3. humidity within 75–90%.

Pests, subject to the above conditions, for example, in some warehouses, can reproduce all year round. Under field conditions, there are usually 2 periods of insect development. At low ambient temperatures, beetles fall into torpor.

Reproduction process

A few days after mating, female beetles find ripening bean fruits,

They gnaw holes on them, deep into which they lay eggs, about 20 eggs per plant. Each female is very fertile and can lay up to 200 eggs at a time. After 35–45 days, insect larvae emerge from the eggs, which develop for about 3 weeks, eating the internal contents of the plant fruit. The entire body of the larva is covered with bristles; it has no legs. Then the larva transforms into a pupa. At the appointed time, the already adult insect comes out through the round holes. One complete chain of appearance and development of an insect, depending on conditions, is approximately 105–110 days.

Wintering

Insects almost always overwinter in storage or (in less severe winters) in plant debris. At low temperatures they die. The awakening of beetles begins at +13 degrees, and they become active and capable of long flights at +17 degrees. When searching for fields with beans, soybeans, beans, and lentils, intermediate plants can be used: lupine, chinu, alfalfa and some others. The closest relative of this insect can be considered the pea weevil.

What does bean weevil look like and what does it eat?

The bean weevil is a small beetle from the caryopsis family (close relatives include the pea weevil and the four-spotted weevil). The brownish, oval-shaped body is covered with copper-colored hairs. The insect has a miniature size of 2-5 mm, so it is difficult to study it in detail without a magnifying glass. If you look at what a bean weevil looks like in the photo, you will notice that the beetle has short elytra covered with gray spots. The hind legs are equipped with sharp teeth.

Bean grain

Interesting!

Insects are very thermophilic and low temperatures are destructive for adults and offspring. At a temperature of 0°C, larvae die after 30 days, adult beetles die after 15 days. At temperatures below 12 °C, the vital activity of the bean grain stops instantly.

Pests overwinter in storage inside grain or in field conditions under plant debris. Awakening occurs in the spring, when the ambient temperature reaches 12-15 °C. The bean grain has extraordinary flight qualities. In search of food supply, it is able to cover a distance of up to 3 km.

Before the beans ripen, insects feed on the leaves of legumes and pollen. In the absence of food, weevils can survive without food for up to 3 months. A massive invasion of pests on bean plantations is observed after the completion of the flowering phase.

How to Preserve Green Beans

Green beans have a special taste and delicate aroma. If you want to preserve the delicate spring flavor of young beans, you can simply freeze them.

To freeze, you need to take fresh, just picked pods. Green bean pods should be thoroughly washed and the tails cut off. You also need to cut out all the black spots and damage on the surface of the pod. If you cut the beans into small pieces before cooking, do so. Bean pods can be frozen whole without cutting.

Then the beans need to be blanched. Place the beans in boiling water for three minutes and place a large cup of ice next to them. When the three minutes are up, remove the beans from the boiling water and plunge into ice water. This method of processing beans will preserve maximum beneficial properties and taste.

Beans must be thoroughly dried before freezing. Place the processed bean pieces on a clean napkin and allow excess water to drain. Otherwise, ice crystals will form on the beans, which will deprive the green beans of their special flavor. After drying, distribute the pods into bags so that if necessary, take only one portion and do not defrost the excess.

Beans are a tasty and nutritious product that is used in many dishes. Vegetarians cannot imagine life without beans, because these beans can be compared with meat in terms of the amount of protein. Regular consumption of beans helps improve the functioning of the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. If you eat beans often, you won't be afraid of plaque and tartar. Plant and grow beans, protect the crop from bugs, and then you can enjoy the taste and nutritional value of this product all year round.

how to properly store shelled walnuts

Radical ways to get rid of bugs

Primitive measures will allow you to get rid of this unpleasant “neighborhood”: heating the cereal in the oven, soaking it in a saline solution before cooking. In this case, black insects will quickly float to the surface, and it will not be difficult to remove them. If there is a large percentage of damage to the product, it is better to get rid of the cereal.

For preventive purposes, the following steps are taken:

• Surviving cereals are stored in airtight bags or tightly closed containers.
• Treating the jar with soapy water and then drying it will help get rid of insects and larvae.
• Inspect other products for signs of pests.
• Affected cereals are placed in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator.
• Treating all surfaces with a soapy solution will help get rid of the subsequent appearance of pests, after which tables, cabinets and window sills are wiped with a 9% vinegar solution.
• Treat cracks and possible penetration points with boiling water.

Common Pest Types

The small beetle, which was infested by other cereals brought from the store, penetrates into cracks and corners, latches and poorly closed containers with cereals. It mercilessly eats reserves, leaving behind traces of vital activity. It is very difficult to get rid of them, because if there are acceptable conditions for their life, they actively reproduce. Their favorite delicacy is buckwheat, rice, semolina, millet, and dried fruits. The appearance of bugs in the cereal causes it to become lumpy; such a product should not be eaten. Allergies, diarrhea, toxic manifestations - this is a list of possible troubles. To remove these insects, every effort should be made.

The red flour beetle grows in places where there is a large accumulation of cereals. Mills, bakeries, feed mills - this is a list of its most common habitats. If food is heavily stale and shows signs of rotting, this is favorable soil for insects to breed. The appearance of bugs in the croup is indicated by characteristic traces: the clumping of particles into lumps, excrement and larvae.

The bread grinder is distinguished by its high fertility and vitality, and breeding this insect will not be easy at all. Tiny elongated bugs, 1.8–3.5 mm long, are brownish in color. They often crawl out onto window sills and die there. They damage cereals, tea, coffee, grain, flour products, and also eat crackers, nuts, and herbs. It is difficult to get rid of these insects: the difficulty lies in the fact that they practically do not come out of their hiding places. The visible appearance indicates excessive reproduction of bugs in cereals and their high density.

Types of beetles

Among the variety of grains, several beetles that are especially harmful to legume plants stand out:

• beans;
• pea;
• Chinese;
• four-spotted.

If the Chinese weevil, like the four-spotted weevil, is only a quarantine pest, sometimes imported to us with legume products from China, then the other two species have long settled on our territory. It is these beetles that we will talk in more detail.

Pea

The pea weevil, a beetle up to five millimeters long, is a malicious pest of peas; it does not damage other legumes, although in times of lack of food it can feed on the flowers of wild legumes.

These pests overwinter inside the grains, ending up with them in barns or storerooms or developing there from eggs. Some insects can overwinter in fallen grains directly in the field under cover of old straw, leaves and other plant debris.

In the spring, pea weevil pests fly to flowering legume plants and feed on pollen or the rudiments of their fruits, but as soon as they smell the flowering peas, they move to its plantings. There they feed on pollen and flower valves, and when the pods appear, the female lays one small egg, slightly less than a millimeter, in them.

The peas ripen and at the same time the larva develops in the egg. By the time the pea is ripe, the larva bites into the grain and eats out a cave in it, in which it then pupates, and then turns into a beetle.

They thresh the peas already with the weevil pest; they usually remain in the cavity of the peas until spring; rare individuals leave their houses in the fall.

Advice! To prevent such pest infestation from occurring, it is recommended to sow peas as early as possible!

Bean

The bean weevil is an even worse pest than its pea relative. The fact is that, unlike the previous pest, this pest eats all plants and grains in a row, as long as they belong to legumes, including:

• beans;
• beans;
• peas;
• rank;
• Vika;
• lentils.

There is no information on soybeans; Chinese grains are enough for it. Most likely, there are simply no long-term observations of this crop. But beans love this type of grain most of all, which is why they got their name.

The bean weevil is a beetle four millimeters long with dark brown, hard upper wings. There are light longitudinal spots on the elytra.

The development of the insect occurs almost the same as that of the pea beetle. At the moment of bean formation, the caryopsis moves onto the beans and, gnawing through the connective tissue between the valves, gets inside the pod. The female lays up to twenty eggs out of a total of one hundred in one bean.

Unlike pea larvae, for which the rule applies: “Each beetle has its own apartment!”, bean larvae can get all twenty into one grain. This is favored by the larger size of the bean compared to a pea, and the smaller size of the larva, only seven tenths of a millimeter.

The development of the bean grain occurs in the storage constantly. The beetles mate, lay more and more eggs, let me remind you, up to a hundred eggs from one female. Naturally, in the spring, instead of smooth, strong beans, only a shell or even rot remains.

What to do if beans have bugs

The most common pests that attack beans are bean weevil, sprout fly, slugs, and aphids. Gardeners need knowledge about the causes of the formation of these parasites - this will help protect the product. Control measures will also be different.

Bean grain

This insect is found throughout Russia, but often appears in regions with warmer climates. The pest looks like a small beetle - 2-5 mm. The bean grain looks like this in the photo.

Since the grain is thermophilic, it will die when the temperature drops. The parasite is transferred from the field to a room where it lives under favorable conditions. If burrows are noticed in the beans, this indicates infection with weevil.

Measures to combat weevil:

1. Severely affected cereals must be thrown away or heated in the oven, which will lead to the death of the larvae.
2. To prevent the grain from multiplying, add bay leaves or garlic cloves to the cereal. If they appear, you can put cloves or nutmeg in their location to scare them away.
3. To prevent their spread, pack the beans in a tightly closed container.
4. To avoid caking and rotting of the product, do not purchase it in reserve.
5. If you suspect a pest, place the container with beans in the refrigerator compartment or, in case of cool weather outside, on the balcony.
6. To prevent the spread of weevil, regularly clean cabinets with soapy water.

Sprout fly

Spoils bean grains when they sprout. The larvae remain in the ground, and in early spring flies emerge from them, leaving eggs in the ground. If the soil is moist, insects hatch from them in 7-10 days. They strengthen in the place of the bean where the sprout grows. Infected seedlings rot and turn black or produce weakened plants. The larvae pupate in 14-20 days.

To combat the germ fly you need:

1. Sow as early as possible so that by the time the larvae pupate, the bean sprouts are strong.
2. Apply fresh fertilizer in the fall, not in the spring, as the fly loves wet soil with poorly rotted fertilizer.
3. To repel insects from bean sprouts in the spring, water the plantings with garlic infusion or plant garlic nearby. You can sprinkle the crops with ground pepper or ash.

Please note: In rare circumstances, this pest requires chemical intervention - Fufanon, Tanrek.

Slugs

Slugs feed on young beans, preventing the plant from developing and bearing fruit. They can also be present in the bean crop. They prefer humidity and moderate temperatures. They tolerate winter well, and in the spring they can attack the crop again.

To combat them on the site, hedgehogs, frogs, and toads are suitable. You can build artificial barriers, since slugs, due to their bodies, cannot crawl over scratchy obstacles. To do this, you need to make strips of salt, ash or sand around the crop.

You can fight them using chemical methods; to do this, you need to scatter the drug next to the plants. An effective way is to collect it manually. This should be done in the early morning when pests are most active.

Aphids on beans

A pest such as aphids drinks juices from the plant. There are many varieties, but there is a pea species that attacks legumes. The greatest damage occurs when the crop blooms. It's difficult to fight, but possible.

There are preventive methods to prevent the problem. Next to the beans you need to plant fragrant plants - garlic, tansy, calendula or spray with an essence with a strong smell (from tomato tops, horseradish rhizomes, onion peels, etc.). You can lure ladybugs, which are known plant protectors from aphids. To attract them, the site must have at least one of the following plants:

• dill;
• cornflower;
• calendula;
• coriander;
• geranium;
• tansy;
• dandelion.

If there are a lot of aphids, then you need to use chemicals - Aktara, Agrovertin.

What harm does bean weevil cause to humans?

The bean weevil damages the crop both during ripening and after harvesting for storage.

• How to collect bean seeds correctly?

  When to pick beans and what should you pay attention to? The answer is in our article.

It causes the greatest harm to beans, but does not refuse other legumes. Traces of the activity of the bean weevil can be seen on the seeds of lentils, peas, chickpeas, soybeans, beans, etc.

Under optimal conditions, the insect completely eats the grains from the inside - thereby making it impossible to use the grown crop for both seeds and food.

If you store an infected crop together with a clean one, then after some time the bean weevil will spread to the previously untouched seeds and destroy everything.

How to save beans from bruchus

To prevent the bean weevil from affecting your bean harvest, try to reschedule its harvesting to an earlier date. In addition, carefully destroy plant debris in the fall, because this insect usually overwinters under them.

Before sowing the seeds, soak the bean seeds for 5-10 minutes in a saline solution. To prepare it, 300 grams of salt are dissolved in a liter of water. Floating seeds are discarded, as they may be infected with weevil larvae.

I advise storing seeds intended for consumption in an unheated cellar at a temperature below 0 degrees. If the harvest is not rich, freeze well-dried grains in the freezer at a temperature below -12 degrees for at least 24 hours.

You will get a similar effect if you heat the grain in an oven heated to +64-65 degrees for one hour. Moreover, the beans are laid out on a baking sheet in a layer of no more than 4 centimeters.

Bean weevil is difficult to protect against. So even strict adherence to agricultural technology does not guarantee the absence of problems with the pest. Nevertheless, observing crop rotation and timely harvesting of tops minimizes the risk of Bruchus infesting bean plantings.

Watch the video to see how easy it is to store grain beans so they don’t spoil.

Damage caused by pea grains

Until the beetle gets out of the pea, it is difficult to detect the infection, since there is no visible damage. You can only notice a dark spot on the seed coat. The larvae damage peas in fields, and adults damage peas in storage.

Spoiled peas lose about 40% of their weight, and their seed quality is impaired. Damaged seeds do not germinate well. In addition, the excrement of the larvae contains harmful substances, so damaged peas should not only be eaten, but also fed to animals.

The pest can fly to new places from neighboring fields or enter with infected grains. Pea weevils are monophages, that is, they feed exclusively on cultivated peas.

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How does grain harm beans?

The female bean weevil lays eggs on mature beans with a dried out shell in the cracks formed by the dorsal seam of the bean. She can gnaw through grooves on its seam.

This insect can destroy the entire crop

Through these depressions, the beetle, using an ovipositor, lays eggs inside the bean. Later, the larvae eat out the chamber, where they pupate.

Upon careful examination, on the surface of the grains of damaged beans, you can see darkish “windows” rounded to 1-2 mm in diameter, closed by the undamaged shell of the grain.

10-20 larvae can simultaneously develop in one grain, making it completely unsuitable for food or seed purposes.

The grain beetle is the most dangerous pest among the enemies of this crop. Once on the site, once in the pods, it immediately begins to rapidly multiply.

One infected bean in a bag can spell doom for the entire harvest.

Description of the insect

The bean weevil is a small bug that is the most dangerous pest for this legume. This copper-brown weevil grows up to 3-5 mm in length.

Appearance of bean grain

If you do not control bean pests, you can lose more than half of the entire harvest of this crop.

Rules for storing green beans

Caryopsis larvae infect not only the plant's beans, but also the pods. Thus, before making bean preparations for the winter, the pods should also be sorted. The best way to preserve the beneficial properties of the product is freezing. How to freeze green beans:

1. Rinse the pods in cool running water.
2. Remove areas with dark spots, dots, and dents. Inspect for disease and pest damage.
3. It is convenient to cut into oblong pieces or finely chop in advance.
4. Blanch: pour boiling water over the raw material and cool sharply in ice water or place in a snow mass.
5. Dry the prepared semi-finished products with a towel or in an electric dryer. Do not allow ice to appear on the product before storing - this will cause the product to soften and lose its taste.
6. Place into bags or containers in portions. Repeated freezing is unacceptable.

Please note: Beans are one of the types of products that can be stored for a long time without losing their beneficial and taste qualities. However, to ensure the freshness of the legume crop, it is necessary to follow simple rules... You need to sort the grains, checking for the appearance of weevils, store them in a dry and cool place and ensure tightness

It is necessary to sort the grains, checking for the appearance of weevils, store them in a dry and cool place and ensure tightness.

There is also a risk of seeing bugs in the product when growing plants on your own in your garden. Some bean pests appear in legumes at the ripening stage and pose a threat to the crop even before harvesting.

Therefore, it is important to follow preventive measures and storage rules.

Planting beans correctly

Preparation for planting always begins with the soil, it is dug up and loosened. The seeds are soaked in water the night before planting to swell. And in order to protect the future harvest from diseases and pests, the seeds are dipped in a solution of boric acid (1 gram of boric acid per 5 liters of water) for literally 5-7 minutes.

Beans require 12 hours of sunlight to properly ripen and grow outdoors. Therefore, choose a place that is well lit, without shadows and protected from wind and moisture. The soil should not be clayey or overloaded with nitrogen. Even an area with depleted soil is suitable, as beans improve the quality of the soil for future vegetable crops.

Planting begins in May, when the soil warms up to 12 cm in depth. Growing legumes in open ground is carried out by maintaining the distance between the sowing holes.

The seeds of future bean bushes are sifted to a depth of up to 7 centimeters with a distance of up to 30 centimeters between holes, and between rows of up to 40-45 centimeters. Climbing varieties of beans are sifted while maintaining a distance between sowing holes of up to 30 centimeters, and between rows of up to half a meter.

Each hole can contain up to six beans. As soon as the first shoots appear, only the three strongest seedlings are left, and the rest are transplanted.

Interesting facts about beans

This is one of the most ancient cultures known to mankind. The first written mentions of it date back to 3000 BC. e. They are contained in a Chinese manuscript, but these legumes were not known to Europeans of that era. In Spain, they became acquainted with both regular and green beans only after Columbus’s voyage. Moreover, at first, beans, like potatoes, were grown as an ornamental plant in small pots. By the way, in England they learned about beans even later; they were first brought here by the Dutch, so for a long time they were called Dutch beans.

Currently, there are more than 200 varieties of beans in the world, and all of them, although they have different compositions, are equally useful. A separate species is green beans. Its homeland is also Latin America. Although regular beans contain more protein, green beans contain more vitamins. Since it does not require long-term heat treatment, and it can be prepared in 20 minutes, these substances do not have time to break down. These beans are called asparagus beans because they taste similar to this vegetable, but from a biological point of view they have no relation to it.

“Important: all information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. Before applying any recommendations, consult with a specialized specialist. Neither the editors nor the authors are responsible for any possible harm caused by the materials.”

Development cycle and appearance

Bean weevils are a small insect about 5 mm long, dark brown in color, whose oval body is completely covered with small golden hairs. The dark elytra of individuals do not completely cover the abdomen and have light spots located longitudinally on the surface.

The hind limbs of parasites are equipped with sharp teeth. The beetle eggs are milky, oval, maximum size – 0.7 mm. The larvae are crescent-shaped, dense, up to 4 mm in size.

For successful reproduction, grains require the presence of the necessary nutrient medium - grain fields or warehouses with a legume harvest. A comfortable temperature for individuals ranges from 19 to 29º C, and humidity should not be lower than 75%.

If the necessary conditions are met, parasites can continue to reproduce all year round. In open ground, as a rule, 2 generations of insects develop, and if the ambient temperature is too low, they enter diapause.

Some time after mating, the females gnaw holes in the surface of the beans and lay eggs in the holes made - there can be up to 20 eggs per plant. Females are quite fertile and can lay about 200 eggs per month.

After a month and a half, legless bristly larvae hatch, the development of which occurs in 2-3 weeks, and the full development cycle of the parasites is about 107 days.

For the winter, heat-loving beetles fly into storage, but at fairly comfortable winter temperatures they remain to wait out the cold season among the remains of fallen leaves.

Beetles eat all parts of bean plants, including petals, foliage, flowers and pollen, and also use them for reproduction and breeding. In this case, the yield can be reduced by up to 60%, so it is necessary to apply competent control methods in a timely manner.

Appearance Features

The beetle reaches 4-5 millimeters in length. The body shape of the pea weevil is broadly oval. The body is shiny.

Pea weevil (Bruchidius incarnatus).

A tooth can be discerned at the edge near the elytra. The color is black, the body is covered with white and yellow hairs. At the tip of the abdomen there is a white cross-shaped pattern. This pattern is a distinctive feature of pea grains from their counterparts. The tibiae and bases of the antennae are rufous.

The elytra are short and do not completely cover the abdomen. Each elytra has a white oblique band. The eyes are bulging. The thighs of the hind legs have large, pointed teeth.

There are two types of pea grains - Siberian and European; they do not differ in appearance. But there are subtle differences between the sexes. Males and females differ in the structure of the genital organs and the length of the antennae; in males they are larger.

Male weevils have longer antennae. This distinguishes them from females.

Pea grain eggs are oval, amber-yellow in color. The length of the egg ranges from 0.6-1 millimeter. One edge of the egg is slightly narrowed, with filamentous flagella extending from it.

Before molting, the larvae are reddish in color, with a body covered in long hairs and a pair of legs. The adult larva is cream-colored and has no legs. The head is small and noticeably retracted into the thoracic region. The length of the larva is 5-6 millimeters.

The pea weevil pupa is free. The color is cream. The shape of the pupa resembles an adult beetle. Its length is 5-6 millimeters.

Pea weevil is a small pest that causes great damage to the crop.

How to deal with bugs

Particularly dangerous are small beetles that love flour and starch. They are small in size and move from flour and starch to other foods. Brought from the supermarket, they fill small cracks and crawl out if necessary.

Insects that get into the beans energetically eat it, and replace the space vacated in the beans with the products of their vital activity.

Attention: Subsequently, such beans cannot be sown and they are unsuitable for eating, as they lose their beneficial qualities and do not look appetizing.

The most reliable means of control is prevention. To do this, the beans must be properly prepared for winter storage and adequate conditions for their preservation must be provided.

If the bugs are already infested in the beans, you need to heat them in the oven or hold them in a saline solution before cooking, then they will float to the surface and it will not be difficult to remove them.

You can prevent further bean diseases by:

• Store uncontaminated cereals in tightly closed jars;
• treat the container with soapy water and then dry it.
• examine other products for the presence of pests;
• place the affected cereal in the freezer;
• treat all surfaces of the cabinets with soapy water and then wipe with a 9% vinegar solution;
• Treat cracks and other possible penetration points with boiling water.

If the bean cereal is severely affected, then it is better to get rid of it.

During the growth of beans, the gardener must monitor all stages of plant development, since slower growth and obvious plant defects indicate pest infestation. Such measures are necessary for a timely response when a plant is infected at an early stage. This will help preserve both the plant and the harvest.

If signs of bean infestation by pests are detected, chemical control is an effective method of control. However, before using such control agents, you need to know exactly what pest has affected the plant, since different pests need to use their own pesticides.

Caryopsis of the genus Callosobruchus spp.

05/27/2019 Genus of caryopsis Callosobruchus

has 16 species of insects that belong to the order Coleoptera (
lat. Coleoptera
) of the caryopsis family (
lat. Bruchidae
).

These insects are distributed throughout the world. They can be found on the European continent, in Asian countries, in the United States, in Australia, in Africa and so on.

The most common are 4 varieties of the genus Callosobruchus

:

· Chinese weevil or combed pea ( lat. Callosobruchus chinensis )

· Four-spotted weevil ( lat. Callosobruchus maculatus )

· Indian bean weevil ( lat. Callosobruchus phaseoli )

· Asian polyphagous weevil
( lat. Callosobruchus analis ).
All of the above types of insects are malicious pests of leguminous crops, therefore in many countries of the world they are included in the list of dangerous quarantine objects.

Caryopsis damages the seeds of peas, soybeans, chickpeas, beans, broad beans, lentils, vetch, and so on. At the same time, they cause the main damage in barns, granaries and food warehouses, although some insects can also live in the field.

Pests spread at any stage of development. This usually occurs with anthropogenic contaminated legumes.

Often, adult bean beetles do not have time to fly out of the beans before the harvest season begins, so most of them end up in storage along with the grain and continue to develop in heated rooms, where the insects safely survive the winter without entering a state of diapause. If the granaries are not heated, the grains usually enter diapause and overwinter inside the seeds, being in the larval stage.

They cause the greatest damage to seeds, since during their life cycle they manage to completely eat up the contents of the grain, leaving behind only excrement and larval skins.

In order to detect the above insects, farms should regularly conduct a thorough inspection of all warehouses where plant products are harvested, stored or processed.

If insects are detected, a quarantine regime is immediately introduced at the facility, and immediate measures are taken to localize the source of the weevil infection. At the same time, one of the main conditions for preventing the appearance of pests is the cleanliness of all warehouse and production premises, as well as equipment, containers and tools.

Chinese weevil

The Chinese weevil or combed pea is included in the list of dangerous quarantine objects, since this pest is capable of damaging many different types of leguminous plants. At the same time, the greatest damage is caused by the insect larvae in places where seeds are stored (in food warehouses and granaries).

The pest is widespread in the southern and middle parts of the European continent, in the United States, in Asian countries with a tropical climate, as well as in Australia and Africa.

Description of the insect

An adult Chinese caryopsis has a brownish-brown coloration of the elytra, which are covered on top with small whitish hairs. They create a kind of pattern on the back of the insect.

The body of the imago is slab-shaped, almost rectangular in shape and reaches 3 millimeters in length. The female individual, due to the elongated end of the abdomen, is usually longer than the males.

The antennae are black, combed in males, serrated in females, and do not reach the middle of the body.

Insects have a short head with large eyes.

At the base of the pronotum there is a characteristic feature of the entire genus Callosobruchus.

a clearly visible tubercle, and on the sides of the abdomen there is a bright light spot of white hairs.

The shield is small in size and oblong in shape.

The life cycle of an adult, depending on living conditions, takes from 12 to 36 days.

The female Chinese weevil lays embryos directly on the surface of the seeds, several pieces per seed, and then covers them with a special liquid, thanks to which the eggs firmly adhere to the surface of the grain. When hardened, this liquid creates a kind of plasticized capsule around the embryos, which protects the offspring from pests and adverse external factors.

The fertility of one female Chinese weevil is from 50 to 100 embryos.

The eggs are oval in shape and in the initial stage of development are completely transparent. Its maturation takes from 3 to 18 days.

The larva is born white, and as it develops it reaches a length of 4 millimeters. In the first instar phase, it has three pairs of legs, which disappear after molting.

Having hatched from the egg, the larva immediately embeds itself inside the grain, making a narrow vertical passage in it, and begins to feed on the contents of the grain, clogging the passage with drill flour and excrement. Moreover, one grain can simultaneously contain several pests.

The entire life cycle of the larva consists of 4 phases (instars) and lasts about 30 days, after which the insect stops feeding and turns into a pupa.

The pupa has a yellowish body and reaches 2.5 millimeters in length.

Its development, as a rule, does not exceed 6 to 21 days, but under unfavorable conditions it can last up to 4 months.

After metamorphosis, young adult beetles emerge from the pupae, do not feed, and almost immediately find a mate for mating.

In heated warehouses, pests are capable of producing up to 6 (!) generations of offspring, leaving legume seeds not a single chance.

The total duration of the entire development cycle of the Chinese weevil depends primarily on the ambient temperature. When it drops below 0°C, all stages of pest development die.

Methods of pest control

To localize foci of infection with Chinese weevil, granaries and food warehouses are treated with preparations based on methyl bromide using the fumigation method.

In this case, the drugs Foscom, Fosin, Fumifast are usually used.

Fumigation (gassing) of grain can also be done in chambers specially designed for this.

Among contact protective agents, the following drugs are used: Actellik, Prostor, Kamikaze. In this case, it is advisable to treat both the storage room and all storage equipment with pesticides.

Physical and mechanical methods of pest control include cooling or heating (up to +48°C) of grain, which is carried out in special chambers for 20 minutes.

Four-spotted weevil

The four-spotted weevil is a dangerous quarantine object. Like its close relative, the Chinese weevil, the insect damages leguminous crops, including soybeans, peas, mung beans, chickpeas, beans and other crops.

This pest is quite widespread. The insect can be found on the territory of the European continent, in the countries of Asia, Africa, in the United States, and in Japan.

In the territory of the former Soviet Union, the four-spotted weevil was first noticed back in 1980.

Like all representatives of the genus Callosobruchus

, the main damage to seeds is caused by insect larvae that live and feed inside the grain.

As a result of damage, bean seeds lose their viability and become unsuitable for consumption. In addition, contaminated grains have significantly increased levels of uric acid secreted by the larvae, so damaged grains usually contain dangerous toxins and can pose a threat to the life and health of people and animals.

Reproduction of the four-spotted weevil occurs, as a rule, in granaries and food warehouses.

Description of the pest

In appearance, the insect imago is similar to Chinese cereal and other representatives of the genus Callosobruchus

.

Adult beetles reach 3 millimeters in length, and have a red-brown body color, which is covered with small light hairs.

On the elytra of the imago one can observe a peculiar pattern of yellowish hairs in the form of a band, shaped like the Russian letter “X”. However, according to some entomologists, this trait is characteristic exclusively of the most typical representatives of this species, and therefore is not sufficiently reliable.

In adult caryopses, polymorphism is observed, which is primarily associated with the behavior of insects and is determined by population density. Moreover, along with well-flying individuals, there are beetles completely devoid of this ability.

The insect development cycle (from egg to adult) lasts from 40 to 180 days and depends, first of all, on the ambient temperature.

Adult beetles are most active during the hot season.

The fertility of females ranges from 100 to 200 eggs.

The female, with the help of a secreted and quickly hardening liquid, attaches them to the surface of the seeds.

The egg is oval in shape and translucent. Its development takes from 5 to 10 days.

The hatched larvae are about one millimeter in length. They immediately make their way inside the grain, where they begin to feed, completely destroying the seed embryo and leaving only the products of their vital activity. In this case, up to 12 larvae can develop simultaneously in one grain.

The larvae of the four-spotted weevil are legless, with a curved white body. As they develop, they reach 4 millimeters in length until they turn into a pupa.

Their life cycle can take from 11 to 60 days, depending on the indoor air temperature, and includes four stages (ages).

The caryopsis pupa has a yellowish color and a body slightly narrowed towards the end of the abdomen.

The development of the pupa lasts from 4 to 25 days, after which a young beetle emerges from it, which within a day begins to search for a partner and actively mate.

In heated rooms, the four-spotted weevil is capable of producing up to 9 (!) generations of offspring per year.

The methods of combating this pest are no different from the methods used to destroy the Chinese weevil (crested pea).

Indian bean weevil

Quarantine look. Damages leguminous crops, worsening the sowing and nutritional quality of seeds (mainly beans, less often peas, chickpeas, lentils, soybeans and other legumes).

As the name of the insect suggests, the habitat of the Indian weevil is the territory of India and Burma. However, in recent years, the pest has become widespread in the countries of the European continent, was introduced to Central and South America, and was noticed in the Krasnodar Territory and Transcaucasia.

Reproduction of Indian weevils can occur both in the field and in granaries, and the pest usually spreads along with contaminated products.

In the southern regions of European countries, the weevil has the status of a warehouse pest, since it reproduces exclusively within food warehouses and granaries.

Description of the pest

The biology of the Indian weevil is similar to that of the Chinese and four-spotted weevils, as they are close relatives.

At the same time, the insect imago is somewhat smaller than that of other representatives of the genus Callosobruchus

. An adult beetle reaches 2 to 2.5 millimeters in length and has a brownish-brown color. The tips of its elytra and abdomen are orange, and the body pubescence is more dense and rigid (especially on the scutellum and sides of the pronotum) than in the above-mentioned representatives of the genus.

The mustache is serrated. The hind femora, both externally and internally, are equipped with a long tooth.

The female lays embryos one at a time or several at a time (from 3 to 6).

The eggs are colored whitish-milky.

The hatched larvae are white, have a curved body and reach 5 millimeters in length.

Immediately after emerging from the egg, they can crawl freely for another four days, and then penetrate into legume grains, where their further development occurs.

The life cycle of the larvae, depending on external factors, can take from 34 to 60 days until the insect turns into a pupa.

The pupa is also white in color and reaches 3 millimeters in length.

The young beetles emerging from it begin the process of active mating on the same day, after which the females begin laying eggs.

In the southern regions, the female Indian weevil is capable of producing 3 to 4 generations of pests during its life. Moreover, its full development cycle takes from 27 to 67 days.

The means of control and the list of drugs that are intended to counteract the Indian weevil are no different from the methods of combating the Chinese weevil.

Fenugreek

This medicinal plant is also called Shambhala, Helba and Greek hay. Fenugreek is used as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and hormonal agent. It is recommended for women during menopause and men to increase potency.

Fenugreek is used as a seasoning, in the form of tea, infused, and added to meat and vegetable dishes. The high content of vegetable protein makes fenugreek-based dishes very nutritious.

Sources

• https://apest.ru/nasekomye/fasolevaya-zernovka/
• https://MoeFermerstvo.ru/fasol/chto-delat-esli-zavelis-zhuchki
• https://www.pesticidy.ru/host/leguminous_pests
• https://fb.ru/article/255953/trava-kormovaya-kozlyatnik-klever-lyutserna-donnik-poleznyie-svoystva-vyiraschivanie
• https://nasotke.pro/ogorod/osobennosti-bobovyh-kultur
• https://sornyakov.net/vegetables/bobovye.html
• https://ogorod.usadbaonline.ru/ru/2014mar/problems/8757/
• https://polzaili.ru/konskie-boby-primenenie-polza-foto/
• https://MoeFermerstvo.ru/goroh/vrediteli-i-bolezni
• https://www.udec.ru/vrediteli/vrediteli-goroha.php
• https://doma-v-sadu.ru/bolezni-i-vrediteli/goroha.html
• https://woman-l.ru/bobovye-produkty/

Where do insects come to us from?

Many housewives who carefully keep their house clean often wonder: why are there bugs in the beans? Most often, insects appear due to the fact that sanitary standards are poorly observed in factories. Such consequences can be caused by neglect of heat treatment and violation of storage rules. This is why beans sold in stores may initially contain pests.

Beetles can also appear in beans by moving into them from neighboring products. Most often, bugs move into beans made from flour and starch.

Sources

• https://apest.ru/nasekomye/fasolevaya-zernovka/
• https://KuhniClub.ru/uhod/zhuchki-v-krupe.html
• https://MoeFermerstvo.ru/fasol/chto-delat-esli-zavelis-zhuchki
• https://atmagro.ru/2017/10/23/vrediteli-fasoli-s-foto-i-metody-borby/
• https://DachaMechty.ru/fasol/chto-delat-zavelis-zhuchki.html

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Bean grain

This pest is widespread, especially in the southern regions, with a warmer climate. The beetle is 2-5 mm in size, black, round in shape, with yellowish-gray hairs on the back that look like spots. The insects are very active, run and fly well, and can survive without food for up to three months. The weevil is very thermophilic; in the summer it actively lays eggs for up to 5-6 generations. It cannot tolerate the cold and dies.

The caryopsis lays eggs in ripening beans, in the flaps of the pods. In one clutch, the female hatches up to 60 eggs, white, oblong in shape, up to 0.7 mm in size. After 11 days, the eggs hatch into larvae that actively penetrate the beans, eating them. The timing of the appearance of larvae depends on the ambient temperature: in the summer the process accelerates, in the fall it slows down. After 3 weeks, the larvae pupate and fly out of the beans. Seeds completely damaged by the weevil are unsuitable for eating and sowing. If a pest infests a granary, the entire crop will be infected within a year.

The bean grain cannot survive the cold, but in the warm season it can destroy a significant part of the crop