Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology" of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare

What kind of disease is this

Infection of humans by insect larvae - dermatomyasis is of two types:
superficial - the larvae parasitize on the surface of the skin and do not extend beyond the epidermis.

It can be caused by gadfly larvae; a person can become infected through contact with these animals. The larvae are very mobile, quickly move under the skin, gnawing passages up to 30 cm. The parasite can stay in the human body for up to 2-3 months. Subcutaneous myiasis caused by these parasites is characterized by excruciating itching; the larvae's passages resemble long scratches.

The popular name for the disease is “creeping disease.” Treatment for myiasis is mechanical removal of the parasite.

deep - parasites penetrate under the skin, are located in the deep layers of the epidermis, sometimes this type of lesion becomes tissue

Insects are able to penetrate even healthy skin, and not only as a result of a bite. Sometimes infection occurs even through contact with infected foliage. Many species of flies that can infect humans live in Africa, North and South America, but there are species that are found in Russia, for example, Wohlfahrtia vigil and Wohlfahrtia opaca (Wohlfart fly), various types of sheep and cow gadflies. They are also available in Europe, Pakistan, and North America.

Infestation occurs seasonally, from June to September, with the larvae hatching within 24 hours. Boils appear at the sites where parasites invade. The maturation of the larvae ends on days 12-14, after which they leave the host’s body and pupate.

tissue - the lesion affects soft tissue, this form can occur when flies lay eggs on the edges of wounds, ulcers, wounds, and other damage to the surface of the body.

Cases of the development of larvae in wounds are classified as a separate subtype of the disease - wound. Its danger increases due to the possibility of a secondary infection; in addition, symptoms of fever and severe bleeding from the affected areas develop.

Some species of flies that live in North and South America are capable of laying up to 3,000 eggs even in a small wound, which, when hatched, begin to destroy human tissue and cause serious, deep damage. Insects sense the presence of possible places to lay eggs; even a tiny scratch can attract a female.

Some types of insects are able to penetrate not only damaged skin, but also healthy skin. Symptoms of this are the occurrence of ulcers, boils with severe itching.

Symptoms of insect penetration under the skin are the appearance of ulcers, boils with severe itching

Contact with cattle may cause infection with bovine botfly larvae. At the same time, it is not necessary to touch and stroke the animals - there are cases when a female insect lays eggs on human hair.

The first stage of infection is almost asymptomatic, then slight swelling may appear as the larva moves. A fistula forms at the site where the parasite molts; the usual location is the upper shoulder girdle, head. The larva remains in the fistula until maturity, then leaves the host’s body through the hole and pupates.

The disease is manifested by severe allergic reactions and signs of toxic poisoning of the body (nausea, vomiting, even memory loss). In addition, symptoms occur:

• elevated temperature
• short-term muscle pain
• There may be pain in the heart.

Getting larvae into the eyes is especially dangerous. Insect parasitism in this case can be accompanied by severe pain, swelling of the temporal region, and can lead to decreased and even loss of vision.

Cases of oral myiasis have been observed, when the surface of the oral cavity is affected.

In addition, there have been cases of parasites penetrating the spinal cord and brain. In this case, the mechanism itself has not yet been determined.

Such infection of the human intestines (intestinal myiasis) can occur when eating unwashed vegetables or food that has been left uncovered for a long time.

Some types of flies live in the salty environment of cheese or salted fish and can be eaten.

Severe nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach - these are the main symptoms of infection by fly larvae. If left untreated, colitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine) may develop. The human intestine may contain housefly, meatfly, and carrion larvae.

The most dangerous flies

The world population of these insects numbers 3,650 species; the tsetse fly is one of the most dangerous. The length of its body reaches 10-14 mm. The peculiarity is the wings crossed on the back and a sharp piercing proboscis that can even pierce the skin of an elephant. The color of the insect is grayish-red with four dark stripes. The fly's abdomen is yellowish above and gray below. A segment pattern in the shape of an ax is clearly visible on the wings. This insect feeds on the blood of small wild mammals, but can also attack humans.

The danger of this species is that it is a carrier of trypanosomiasis. The tsetse fly causes sleeping sickness in humans. When an infection enters the body, the immune system first decreases, fever, itching and pain in the joints appear.

Unpleasant symptoms are diagnosed 7-14 days after the bite. The second stage of the disease develops several months later. It is manifested by confusion, loss of coordination of movements, and numbness of the limbs. If left untreated, the person falls into a coma and then dies.

Prevention of infection

But most often the gadfly larva penetrates the human skin in countries with a tropical climate. And if you decide to go there, then follow a few simple rules. Places where large numbers of insects live should be avoided. Of course, you need to wear clothing that will protect you from bites. Nowadays there is a huge selection of good repellents in stores. These should also be used.

If, for example, an insect bites you, you should not panic ahead of time, but you should not forget about it either. First, you should treat the wound with a disinfectant. And watch her. If something goes wrong, you must immediately contact a specialist. The doctor will examine you, if the diagnosis is confirmed, he will send you for the appropriate procedures, and if the opposite is true, you can safely return home. And don’t forget that vigilance never hurt anyone.

The human gadfly is a large fly about 12–18 mm long. It has a yellow head with large black eyes, a blue abdomen with a metallic tint, orange legs, and transparent wings. Each segment of the body is covered with hairs, which gives the insect a resemblance to a bumblebee. The oral apparatus is reduced. The adult insect does not feed, using nutrients accumulated by the larva.

The insect lives from 3 days to 3 weeks. By the end of life, it loses about a third of its body mass. In unfavorable weather, it seems to freeze while on plants and grass. At the same time, all life cycles in the body of the gadfly slow down. When the weather is favorable, the insect comes to life and quickly finds a mate for fertilization.

When traveling to countries in South and Central America, you must use repellents and protective clothing. In case of a bite, the affected area must be treated

place with a disinfectant and observe the wound. If the above symptoms appear, consult a doctor.

A larva found under the skin can be expelled by cutting off its access to oxygen, for example, by sealing its location with adhesive tape. Having begun to choke, the larva appears above the surface of the skin. At this point, it can be picked up with tweezers and removed from the capsule. After removing the larvae, the wound is treated with antiseptics. It is advisable to take a desensitizing (antiallergic) drug.

Several years ago I was bitten by gadflies in nature; there were 5 bites on my neck and back. At that time I didn’t yet know what consequences this would have, I thought it was just bites that would go away quickly, since I didn’t know that gadflies can lay larvae under the skin. At first, at the site of the bites there were simply reddish swellings, like pimples, but then they began to fester. I went to the dermatologist, thinking that it was an allergy or just acne, but the doctor diagnosed it correctly and in the end there were no complications.

The gadfly is an insect that closely resembles a fly. He has a short mustache and large, expressive eyes that shimmer in different colors in the sun. The length of the body of the gadfly reaches twenty millimeters. The body is covered with villi - short, hard, dense and often brightly colored. The insect's head is shaped like a hemisphere. Well developed. The wings are light, transparent, dotted with small veins and wrinkles - just like those of a fly. The hind legs are slightly longer than the front legs.

The insect gadfly, whose description is so similar to that of an ordinary fly, is nevertheless very different from this annoying human neighbor. Both the size of the body and the amount of harm caused.

Urogenital myiasis

After the larvae penetrate the human urethra, severe pain begins in the urinary canal, often with delayed urination. For treatment, the urethra is washed.

This disease can be caused by any type of dipteran insect, but tourists who go on safari to Africa especially often suffer from it. The Congo region is home to the mangrove fly, which lays eggs on damp vertical surfaces.

The local population knows about this feature of the insect and dries clothes by laying them out horizontally. Tourists who do not understand the reason for this custom hang their laundry on clotheslines. And they get cavitary genitourinary myiasis.

Myiasis - “fly larvae in humans”: symptoms, treatment, prevention

There are several types of skin lesions depending on the pathogen fly.

Boils are caused by the fly Cordylobia anthropophaga. The adult fly is plump and short, prefers shade and is most active in the morning and afternoon. She is attracted to the smell of urine and feces. Females lay eggs on dry sandy soil or on damp clothes that have been hung up to dry. Larvae emerge from the eggs and can survive on clothing for up to 15 days. On a warm body they activate and with sharp jaws bite the skin, penetrating inside; inside they become spindle-shaped, reaching 13-14 mm in length. Their developmental stage is shorter than that of the human gadfly.

Hypoderma bovi is a bumblebee-like botfly that infects cattle, but can also infect humans. A person is an anomalous host for this fly; the full life cycle of a gadfly does not occur on his body. Infection occurs most often in rural areas. The fly lays eggs on hairs, from which larvae hatch, which penetrate the skin, move under it and most often cause abscesses - boils - from the back area. The larvae can break through the coda and emerge spontaneously from the boil, or they can die under the skin. Under human skin, the larvae move at a speed of 1 cm/hour and cause painful swelling as they migrate. In rare cases, the larvae penetrate into the orbit of the eye or into the pharynx, into the spinal canal. Parasites in the eyes are not uncommon

The larvae of the fly Gastrrophilus nasalis or G. Intestinalis are a species that parasitize mainly horses, but can also infect humans. Larvae move under human skin at a speed of 1-30 cm per day. The death of the larvae occurs after 1-2 weeks. As a rule, there are no complications.

Fly - Cochliomyia hominivorax. The adult fly is short and the body has a bluish-green-metallic hue to black, the larvae are pink, highly segmented. Females lay eggs in contaminated wounds, where the larvae feed on necrotic tissue. The flies are carried away by the wind and land on a new victim.

Symptoms

In civilized countries, episodes of myiasis are rare, most often among travelers returning from the tropics or from Africa; usually a person consults a doctor a month after returning with a complaint of skin inflammation.

• The lesion may be red, painful, tense, or there may be a sensation of something moving under the skin;
• Sometimes the temperature rises at the same time and an accompanying sore throat occurs;
• If it gets into the eye - pain, lacrimation, redness, see the article about parasites in the eyes for more details;
• With parasitism in the nose - headache, impaired sense of smell, pain in the nose, destruction of the septum, swelling of the nose and mucous membranes, release of worms from the nasal cavity;

How to get rid of worms in the skin

There is a popular way to create an occlusion in a nest of larvae:

• the area should be filled with Vaseline or liquid paraffin, beeswax, or strips of lard should be placed to suffocate the worms or lure the larvae out from under the skin$
• They usually come out within a few hours. At the moment when the worm appears from the hole, it is grabbed with tweezers and removed.
• sometimes you have to make a puncture. After using asphyxiants, the larvae come out within 3-24 hours.

This treatment is based on creating oxygen-free conditions for the larvae, but if they do not come out, they have to be removed surgically.

Surgical removal is performed under local anesthesia with lidocaine

Lidocaine can be injected under the base of the boil to create pressure and push the worms out. The larvae are attached with their spines deep under the skin and it is important to remove them so that the torn parts do not remain in the wound. Otherwise, an inflammatory reaction to a foreign body will develop and the wound will fester for a long time. It is more convenient to remove the larvae with anatomical tweezers with grooved jaws. After removal, apply an aseptic bandage

Wounded myiasis is treated by treating the wound with chloroform or a mixture of chloroform and vegetable oil. The larvae can be removed and the wound left for secondary healing. Sometimes the larvae are not removed at all, since they clean the wound very well and disappear on their own in 5-7 weeks.

There is also systemic therapy - ivermectin. Occasionally, ivermectin tablets are prescribed, more often for ophthalmomyasis; there is also ivermectin for topical use; it can be used in the treatment of wounded myiasis.

Where do flies come from in an apartment?

hozuyut.ru

It’s easy for a fly to get into an apartment. Open windows and doors, half-closed vents and transoms, a ventilation shaft - insects will not fail to take advantage of them to fly into the room. But there is another, less pleasant way: when flies appear in the house from eggs and larvae laid on vegetables, fruits or flowers. Adults begin to actively feed and look for a place to lay eggs. And even if they wanted to, they won’t be able to fly out of the apartment, because... they don't see the glass.

Sometimes a fly appears in an apartment in winter. This means that the adult was hibernating, and then suddenly came to life, feeling warmth. Larvae and pupae also hibernate.

Now let’s look at how to quickly get rid of flies in the house so that they do not have time to multiply.

Classification of types of disease

Fly larvae in the human body can be found in the most unexpected places. Most often, myiasis occurs after gadflies lay their eggs. The development cycle of these flies involves development in the body of the host, which can be not only a large animal, but also a person.

Myiases can be random, facultative and obligate. The type of myiasis largely depends on what flies eat in nature.

Myiases can be classified according to the location of the larvae in the body and their biological properties, with different parasites causing different forms of the disease:

• accidental - enter the human body randomly during food or from underwear;
• obligate – the disease develops after parasitic larvae enter the body (mainly in herbivores);
• facultative myiases - caused by larvae that appear after a fly lays eggs on an open wound or sore on a person, as well as in the ears or nasal cavity.

Fly larvae in the human body

Depending on the affected organ, myiases are classified into several types: subcutaneous, abdominal, intestinal, ophthalmic, genitourinary, etc.

Subcutaneous

The larvae can be located:

• in the upper layer of the epidermis (superficial form), when the parasites that appear on the wound feed on pus and nectrotic tissues, after maturation they themselves fall out and pupate outside the body;
• in the connective tissues, which the larvae can destroy, penetrating the dermis and subcutaneous cells, then they are able to penetrate even deeper, reaching the muscles and tendons (deep myiasis), the symptoms of the disease are fever, increased temperature, headaches and the appearance of weakness.

This species is distinguished by the fact that fly larvae in the human or animal body penetrate the gastrointestinal tract along with food (if hygiene rules are not followed). The causative agent of the intestinal species is cheese flies, which lay eggs in stale fish or rotten cheese, etc. Occasional cavitary myiases can be caused by larvae of flies: house flies, green and blue meat flies, house flies, etc.

Symptoms are similar to intestinal poisoning: nausea, vomiting, pain in the anus and intestines. Sometimes the larvae can be seen in stool or during severe vomiting. When the disease enters an advanced stage, internal bleeding may occur due to the movement of larvae in the internal tissues.

Urogenital

The disease occurs as a result of the penetration of larvae into the genitals and bladder through underwear. The activity of the larvae stimulates the inflammatory and purulent process. Symptoms of the disease are signs similar to diseases such as vaginitis, vulvitis, cystitis or urethritis (itching in the genital area, problems with urination).

Ophthalmic

Ophthalmomyasis is the most common and most severe form. The disease begins after fly larvae enter the eye and settle on the mucous membrane or in the conjunctival sac. As they move, they make moves, penetrating the tear ducts and the eyeball, which can lead to its destruction.

Symptoms of ocular myiasis are a decrease in the quality and acuity of vision; in an advanced state, a person may lose an eye or lose the ability to see. Treatment is performed surgically followed by antibiotic therapy.

Ocular myiasis

A rare form, found among people living on the street or wild animals. The disease develops when insects lay eggs in the nasal area, then larvae appear. Their activity causes unpleasant pain, frequent mucus secretion, sneezing and purulent rhinitis. This form is dangerous because the larvae can penetrate the brain, causing encephalitis (often fatal).

Oral

This is the rarest form, due to the fact that the larvae are very easy to detect in the oral cavity (on the mucous membrane, lips or tongue). With the oral form, ulcers, inflammations and fistulas appear in the mouth. The disease may be accompanied by secondary infection and fever.

Ear shape

With this disease, the larvae are located in the ear canal or on the surface of the auricle. Infection is possible during sleep through underwear or by the fly itself. Otomiasis often causes complications when the larvae make passages to the brain. Treatment is carried out surgically.

What harm can a fly cause?

At first glance, it may seem that the fly does not pose any particular danger. Actually this is not true. The insect becomes a distributor:

• diphtheria;
• helminthiasis;
• conjunctivitis;
• dysentery;
• tuberculosis;
• cholera;
• anthrax.

In addition to the above ailments, the pest can cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This is due to the fact that flies live in places where microbes, bacteria and helminths accumulate. They stick to the legs of the insect, after which they end up on food and then into the human digestive tract.

Important: to reduce the likelihood of diseases, it is necessary to wash vegetables and fruits.

Some types of flies can be fatal. We are talking about the African “plague” - the tsetse fly. After an insect bite, a person develops sleeping sickness. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the patient dies. Residents of the former USSR should not be afraid of such a pest, since it is not able to acclimatize to the northern regions.

How does infection occur?

Infection can occur in different ways:

• females lay eggs on human skin, eyes, ears, and wounds.
• sometimes this occurs as a result of a bite - the eggs are injected under the skin
• The larvae may be accidentally ingested, in which case intestinal myiasis may occur.

Based on the method of infection and the type of existence of the insects themselves, human myiases can be divided into the following types:

• random. This type of disease is caused by fly larvae that develop in rotting organic matter. They can accidentally enter the human body through food, dirty laundry, etc. Hence the name. Flies lay eggs everywhere - on clothes, linen, food. The larvae may be ingested during ingestion. Eggs can get into the genitals from underwear.
• obligate. With this type of pathogen, diseases caused by fly larvae occur when they are infected by insect species that lead a parasitic lifestyle. Herbivorous pets can be infected with them. Cutaneous myiasis is most often caused by these types of flies.
• optional. These types of myiasis are accidental, caused by house flies or blow flies, which, attracted by the smell of a purulent wound, can lay larvae in damaged human tissue.

The causative agents of the disease can be the larvae of 18 species of flies, living mainly in the countries of the Southern Hemisphere, but some species are also found in the European part of our continent.

The causative agent of the disease can be the larvae of 18 species of flies

flies

True flies (Muscidae)

Taxonomy: order Diptera, suborder Brachycera cyclorrapha

Species: Housefly (Musca domestica) (pictured) Description: Flies are medium-sized or large, most often with an oval abdomen. the anterior medial vein often forms a bend towards the anterior edge of the wing. The male's eyes are usually close together. A large group, extremely heterogeneous in ecological terms. The larvae develop in manure, in decaying plant matter, and in the roots, stems and leaves of living plants. Some feed on the substrate, others are predators and destroy invertebrates. Adult flies are found among vegetation, on rotting waste and on manure; many willingly visit flowers and fly to the flowing tree sap; Some species feed on the blood of warm-blooded animals. Harmfulness: they pose a danger as carriers of many pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases and as parasites of animals, causing myiases). Methods of control and protection: Control of flies is aimed at their destruction at all stages of development. The premises undergo thorough mechanical cleaning of manure and feed residues. Manure is stored and disinfected biothermally. The corpses of animals and rodents are disposed of in a timely manner. A net is sewn onto the windows in the room. The breeding sites of larvae and pupae (manure, waste, toilets) are treated with insecticides. The premises are also treated with insecticides. Various fly traps and insecticidal baits are used indoors. Animals in pastures are treated with insecticides.

Gray blow flies

Taxonomy: order Diptera, suborder Brachycera cyclorrapha. Species: Wohlfarthia magnifica Description: Coloration is usually dominated by gray tones. A checkerboard pattern is often developed on the abdomen. The sides of the chest are black striped. Females give birth to already mature larvae, which complete their development in animal corpses and in decomposing plant debris. Larvae of some species develop in wounds and on the mucous membranes of mammals, causing myiases in humans and domestic animals. identifying flies from this large and complex group is extremely difficult. Wohlfart's fly. The antennal seta is bare (not covered with hairs). The terminal section of the abdomen of males is shiny black. Body length 9-13 mm. Harmfulness: they pose a danger as carriers of many pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases and as parasites of animals, causing myiases). Wohlfarth fly larvae cause wolfharthiosis. Methods of control and protection: Control of flies is aimed at their destruction at all stages of development. The premises undergo thorough mechanical cleaning of manure and feed residues. Manure is stored and disinfected biothermally. The corpses of animals and rodents are disposed of in a timely manner. A net is sewn onto the windows in the room. The breeding sites of larvae and pupae (manure, waste, toilets) are treated with insecticides. The premises are also treated with insecticides. Various fly traps and insecticidal baits are used indoors. Animals on pastures are treated with insecticides. Blue and green blow flies

Taxonomy: order Diptera (Diptera), suborder Brachycera cyclorrapha Species: blue blowfly, Novaya Zemlya blowfly, etc. Description: Flies of medium or large size, usually colored green or blue with a metallic sheen (if the color is dark without a metallic sheen, the sides of the chest are covered with yellow hairs). The antennal bristles are usually feathery. The larvae live in animal corpses, in rotting meat and fish products, in garbage dumps and cesspools; some parasitize the body of invertebrates (in particular, earthworms). Flies are found on the same substrates on which the larvae develop, in addition, on flowers, ripe and spoiled fruits, and sweet secretions of aphids; often sit on fences, walls of residential buildings, tree trunks and stumps. Genus Blue Carrion. Blue-headed carrion fly (blue blowfly) (Calliphora vicina). The upper part of the cheekbones is covered with numerous black bristles. The mesonotum and abdomen are covered with a whitish coating. The wings, folded at rest above the abdomen, form an angle - they do not overlap one another. Flies are often found on substrates where the larvae develop - on meat and fish products (regularly flying into living quarters), on rotting waste, carrion, and feces. The face and cheeks are yellow with black hairs. Prothorax with orange-yellow spots. body length 6-12 mm. The larvae develop mainly in corpses. Distributed - Europe. part, Caucasus, Wed. Asia, Siberia. Novaya Zemlya blowfly. body length 8-11 mm. Adult flies overwinter, hiding in cracks in the bark and crevices of wooden buildings. In spring they fly out very early (together with the common wormeater). found throughout the warm season in populated areas, in garbage dumps, fish and meat products, and in natural conditions - on flowers. The larvae develop in rotting food waste. Distributed - European part, Siberia. Genus Green carrion. The body is green with a metallic sheen, without plaque. The larvae grow on animal corpses and in rotting meat products. Flies are often found on flowers and leaves and on sucroses in which the larvae develop. The genus is represented by several species that are difficult to distinguish by external characteristics. Green carrion grass (Lucilia caezar). Body length 5-10 mm. Distributed - European part. Harmfulness: they pose a danger as carriers of many pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases and as parasites of animals, causing myiases). Methods of control and protection: Control of flies is aimed at their destruction at all stages of development. The premises undergo thorough mechanical cleaning of manure and feed residues. Manure is stored and disinfected biothermally. The corpses of animals and rodents are disposed of in a timely manner. A net is sewn onto the windows in the room. The breeding sites of larvae and pupae (manure, waste, toilets) are treated with insecticides. The premises are also treated with insecticides. Various fly traps and insecticidal baits are used indoors. Animals in pastures are treated with insecticides.

Cheese fly

Order Diptera - Diptera Typical adult Diptera have a single, front pair of wings. The hind wings are transformed into halteres. Legs are well developed. Worm-like larvae, unlike caterpillars and beetle larvae, are legless; in higher forms they are headless with a peculiar oral apparatus. Pupae of flies are located in the puparia, which is ovoid or barrel-shaped, with unclear traces of segmentation, without any appendages. Cheese fly – Piophila casei L. Body length of the fly is 2-4.5 mm. The wings are transparent and well developed. The mesothorax on the dorsal side is finely wrinkled, with a greasy sheen and with three widely spaced rows of small setae. There are 2 suction cups on the paws. The head is rounded, generally black, the facial and frontal surfaces in the anterior third are yellow. The antennae are short, with dorsal setae. The color of the chest and abdomen is black, the front pair of legs are yellow. The larva is milky white, shiny, worm-shaped, without a head. On the head (narrowest) segment there are highly chitinized cephalopharyngeal hooks and a pair of two-segmented antennae. At the posterior (wider) end there are 2 dorsal projections, on the sides there are 2 wide teeth and between them there is a pair of special yellow tubercles on which the spiracles are located. The cheese fly larva has an exceptionally thick cuticle that allows it to live and grow in a nearly saturated salt solution. Adult larvae have the ability to move with significant jumps - up to 30 cm in length. To do this, the larva, bending the rear end of the body, clings with cephalopharyngeal hooks to the depressions between the tubercles bearing the spiracles, i.e. curls up into a ring, and then, straightening up sharply, jumps. In this way, the larvae usually jump out of barrels with herring and other products, which is why they got the name “jumpers.” Having escaped from the humid environment in which they fed, the larvae look for drier places for pupation: in the debris of dark corners of the room, in crevices and cracks of the floor. Like all higher flies, the skin of the last instar larvae is not shed, but only thickens, forming a puparium. Pupation and formation of an adult fly occurs inside the puparia. Unlike the larva, the cheese fly pupa dies in a solution of table salt. Cosmopolitan. Cheese fly larvae develop in old cheese, ham, meat, lard, and salted fish, spoiling these products. Articles:

Comparison of contact and intestinal effects of neonicotinoids for house flies Musca Domestica L. Ibragimkhalilova I.V., Eremina O.Yu.

On the resistance of synanthropic flies to insecticides in different countries. S.A.Roslavtseva

Synanthropic flies (counting and controlling the number of preimaginal stages in the soil). Dremova V.P.

Laboratory study of the comparative attractive activity of two samples of the sex pheromone of houseflies Musca domestica L. – Z-9-tricosene. Message 1. Khrustaleva N.A.

Laboratory study of the comparative attractive activity of two samples of the sex pheromone of houseflies Musca domestica L. – Z-9-tricosene. Message 2. Khrustaleva N.A.

Fighting flies in food industry enterprises. Dubinin D.M.

Study of the sensitivity of natural populations of house flies in Moscow. Roslavtseva S.A.

Electrofumigating agents against flies based on vaporrin. Kostina M.N., Maltseva M.M., Novikova E.A., Rysina T.Z., Luboshnikova V.M.

Books:

Dremova V.P. Urban entomology / harmful arthropods in the urban environment. Ekaterinburg: Publishing House NaukaServis, 2005.

Classifications of myiases

There are several types of classification of myiases. Most often they are divided according to their location on the body and according to the type of difference in the organs affected by the fly larvae.

Based on the site of parasitism, several groups of myiases are distinguished.

• Accidental myiases - in this case, infection occurs by fly larvae that live in decaying tissues, for example, in food that has expired.
• Facultative myiases - the disease occurs either due to larvae living in a rotting environment or due to the laying of eggs on open skin lesions.
• Obligate myiases are caused by insects that can only live if they are parasites in the body of a person or animal.

And there is a classification of types of myiases according to the organs affected.

Subcutaneous myiasis

In this type, the parasites are located in the skin. Subcutaneous myiasis is dangerous because at the beginning of development the egg-shaped larva is similar to an ordinary boil and practically does not cause suspicion. The seal is characterized by movement, severe itching and the occurrence of an allergic reaction.

Subcutaneous myiasis on a woman’s body

Subcutaneous myiasis is of three types:

• Superficial type - the larvae are located in the upper layers of the epidermis, without penetrating further.
• Subcutaneous - eggs are located deeper and can damage connective tissues, however, they are not able to reach muscles and tendons.
• Tissue is the most dangerous type of subcutaneous myiasis, since the larvae reach the deep layers of the epidermis and penetrate the muscles and tendons.

The easiest type to treat is the superficial type; in this case, most often there are no deep wounds left on the skin. In addition, the larvae usually feed on pus and dead cells, and when they grow to a certain size, they leave the site of parasitism and pupate outside the human body.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=blb_F6pjZHw

Ocular (Ophthalmomyasis)

One of the most dangerous types of myiasis, since insect larvae that get into the eye develop and make passages, destroying the structure of the organ. It is characterized by pain in the eyeball, double vision and redness.

Even if ophthalmomyasis is detected in the initial stages, visual acuity decreases. If the disease progresses for quite a long time, then complete and irreversible loss of vision or even the organ itself is possible, and in some cases even death.

Nasal myiasis

This type is quite rare and usually occurs in homeless animals or in people without a permanent residence. The development of larvae leads to the secretion of mucus and constant strong sneezing. Considered dangerous due to its close proximity to the brain. Nasal myiasis is treated surgically.

Myases in the oral cavity

The rarest form of myiasis, as this type of disease is very easy to detect. The larvae parasitize in the oral cavity, affecting the tongue, lips and oral cavity. Fistulas, wounds and ulcers form, which are very painful and noticeable, secondary infections are possible against the background of a febrile state.

Ear myiasis (Otomiasis)

Infection occurs in a dream through bedding without the direct participation of a person and a fly that lays larvae. Simple prevention and cleanliness can prevent this type of myiasis, which is characterized by a bursting pain in the ear and a sharp decrease in hearing.

Otomiasis is considered dangerous because the larvae can make passages to the brain, which can result in meningitis or the formation of a fatal blood clot. Surgery is required for treatment.

Intestinal myiasis

One of the most severe forms of myiasis, characterized by:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• severe abdominal pain;
• release of blood in the stool.

Even houseflies can become infected with this type, most often through food or due to failure to comply with the simplest rules of hygiene, however, the most common carriers are cheese flies that live in fish and cheese.

It is dangerous because the entire gastrointestinal system is damaged; during the movement of the larvae, a large number of ulcers form on the intestines, which leads to internal bleeding and death.

Treatment and elimination of larvae from the intestines occurs with laxatives and antiparasitic drugs.

Urogenital myiasis

Infection occurs through underwear. Insect larvae accumulate in the urethra, clogging it. In the early stages, a process of decay always occurs, which can develop into a tumor and damage soft tissue cells. As the disease progresses, the patient experiences severe itching and pain during urination and sexual intercourse.

The easiest way to cure this type of myiasis in the initial stages is to thoroughly rinse the urethra with an antiseptic solution to remove all fly larvae.